Section Three
SITE REMEDIATION
A. BIOREMEDIATION AND SITE CLOSURE
7        IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER
AND SOIL BY COMBINATION OF AIR SPARGING AND
SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION
Samuel S. Hu, Project Engineer
Scott L. Lumsden, Project Hydrogeologist
Delta Environmental Consultants, Incorporated
Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331
INTRODUCTION
In-situ remediation and treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater and soil
at a former petroleum product bulk storage tank site in Michigan are being conducted using in-situ
groundwater air sparging (AS), soil vapor extraction (SVE), soil vapor treatment (SVT), and air
injection (AI) processes. To a certain degree, AS/SVE/AI groundwater and soil remediation processes are being researched in environmental laboratories and implemented at many petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites.1,2'3'4,5 In this paper, we present implementation of an AS/SVE/SVT/AI
groundwater and soil remediation system at a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site after an
introduction of site geology, hydrogeology, and extent of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes in groundwater and soil. We also present background biodegradation Phase 1 and Phase 2 results, pilot-scale
AS/SVE/AI tests, system design, construction, operation and maintenance, system performance
monitoring, and site remediation progress monitoring.
BACKGROUND
Site Remediation Criteria in Michigan
Remediation of a contaminated site in Michigan falls under the domain of Michigan Public Act
307, 1982, as amended. Upon definition of the nature of the release, Act 307 has established
compound-specific remediation criteria, for which closure goals are set for the site. There are currently three types of clean-up criteria in Michigan for site remedial actions.6
Type A criteria have been established based on laboratory analytical method detection limits
(MDL), defined by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). These criteria are solely
based on the specified compound analytical methods, and do not take into account achievable cleanup possibilities.
Type B remedial criteria have been developed using currently available toxicological and other
related data and calculated according to the algorithm set forth in the specific rules. These criteria are
also solely based on remediation-related scientific data and there are no considerations with regard to
achievable possibilities of site remediation.
Type C remedial criteria, however, are site-specific remedial criteria. There are no concentration
levels specified in these criteria. These criteria are individually based on site-specific cleanup possibilities and future land use recommendations.
49th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1994 Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in
U.S.A.
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