page 211 |
Previous | 1 of 6 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
21 ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON RECYCLING OF WATER, OIL, AND SLUDGE AT AN INTEGRATED OIL REFINERY Noah Galil, Professor Menahem Rebhun, Professor Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel INTRODUCTION A research and development project was carried out at an oil refinery in Haifa, Israel. The refinery is located less than two miles from municipal, recreational and agricultural areas, close to other industrial sites and a river. The production processes include distillation, catalytic cracking, visbreack- ing, oil and waxes, ethylene, sulphur recovery and other processes. Due to national and regional water shortage (low fresh water consumption) as well as the variety of production processes, the wastewater (8,400 mVday) is characterized by relatively high concentrations of pollutants and include several periodical streams from gasoline and other product washeries, containing up to 12% phenols, most of them cresols and xylenols. The implementation of the environment quality regulations, regarding discharge of effluent to the river, imposed a revision of the old, existing, wastewater treatment facilities. The new waste management solutions were based on the following concepts: (a) lowering the level of pollutants to the values required by regulations, the treated effluent and some of the separated pollutants could be considered for recycling by the refinery and by adjacent industries, minimizing the discharge outside the industrial zone; (b) maximal utilization of the existing facilities; (c) the solutions have been developed and executed step by step. Effluent recycling in this case means saving more than 2.5 million cubic meters per year and has a real importance for a semiarid country with very limited fresh water resources. The research project included the following subjects: characterization of the main wastewater stream, as well as lateral streams generated by specific production processes; feasibility studies of general treatment of all the wastewater streams versus separate treatment of concentrated streams; a comparative study of three alternative processes for the biological treatment stage; a survey of the processes occurring in the recirculated water cooling system of the refinery; characterization and considerations regarding sludge treatment and disposal. Following the conclusions of the research, the new wastewater facilities include: separate storage and treatment of concentrated spent soda streams; storage and regulation of the main refinery wastewater stream; API type oil-water separator (OWS) chemical flocculation and dissolved air flotation (DAF); biological treatment; sludge collection, treatment and disposal. FLOW REGULATION The main wastewater stream could be influenced by factors as rain floods and spills caused by unexpected accidents at the production units. For minimizing these influences, a 15,000 m3 tank was built and connected to the system. The operation of this tank, having a capacity of about two days of maximal flow, could enable the operators to avoid sudden hydraulic or pollutants loads on the treatment units. CONCENTRATED PHENOLIC WASTEWATER These wastewater streams used to be discharged periodically to the refinery sewerage system. Studies carried out for the development of biological treatment by Rebhun and Galil1 revealed severe 46th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1992 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 211
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC199121 |
Title | Environmental solutions based on recycling of water, oil, and sludge at an integrated oil refinery |
Author |
Galil, Noah I. Rebhun, M. |
Date of Original | 1991 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 46th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,42649 |
Extent of Original | p. 211-216 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-11-24 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 211 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 21 ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON RECYCLING OF WATER, OIL, AND SLUDGE AT AN INTEGRATED OIL REFINERY Noah Galil, Professor Menahem Rebhun, Professor Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel INTRODUCTION A research and development project was carried out at an oil refinery in Haifa, Israel. The refinery is located less than two miles from municipal, recreational and agricultural areas, close to other industrial sites and a river. The production processes include distillation, catalytic cracking, visbreack- ing, oil and waxes, ethylene, sulphur recovery and other processes. Due to national and regional water shortage (low fresh water consumption) as well as the variety of production processes, the wastewater (8,400 mVday) is characterized by relatively high concentrations of pollutants and include several periodical streams from gasoline and other product washeries, containing up to 12% phenols, most of them cresols and xylenols. The implementation of the environment quality regulations, regarding discharge of effluent to the river, imposed a revision of the old, existing, wastewater treatment facilities. The new waste management solutions were based on the following concepts: (a) lowering the level of pollutants to the values required by regulations, the treated effluent and some of the separated pollutants could be considered for recycling by the refinery and by adjacent industries, minimizing the discharge outside the industrial zone; (b) maximal utilization of the existing facilities; (c) the solutions have been developed and executed step by step. Effluent recycling in this case means saving more than 2.5 million cubic meters per year and has a real importance for a semiarid country with very limited fresh water resources. The research project included the following subjects: characterization of the main wastewater stream, as well as lateral streams generated by specific production processes; feasibility studies of general treatment of all the wastewater streams versus separate treatment of concentrated streams; a comparative study of three alternative processes for the biological treatment stage; a survey of the processes occurring in the recirculated water cooling system of the refinery; characterization and considerations regarding sludge treatment and disposal. Following the conclusions of the research, the new wastewater facilities include: separate storage and treatment of concentrated spent soda streams; storage and regulation of the main refinery wastewater stream; API type oil-water separator (OWS) chemical flocculation and dissolved air flotation (DAF); biological treatment; sludge collection, treatment and disposal. FLOW REGULATION The main wastewater stream could be influenced by factors as rain floods and spills caused by unexpected accidents at the production units. For minimizing these influences, a 15,000 m3 tank was built and connected to the system. The operation of this tank, having a capacity of about two days of maximal flow, could enable the operators to avoid sudden hydraulic or pollutants loads on the treatment units. CONCENTRATED PHENOLIC WASTEWATER These wastewater streams used to be discharged periodically to the refinery sewerage system. Studies carried out for the development of biological treatment by Rebhun and Galil1 revealed severe 46th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1992 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 211 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for page 211