page 179 |
Previous | 1 of 8 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
21 BIODEGRADATION/PARTITIONING OF BENZO(A)PYRENE IN LIQUID/SOLIDS SUSPENDED GROWTH SYSTEMS Robert E. Marks, Graduate Research Assistant Stephen D. Field, Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Andrew K. Wojtanowicz, Associate Professor Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. INTRODUCTION The scope of this research is to study the biodegradation and partitioning of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) contained in sludges in continuous growth systems with the longer term goal of developing engineering parameters for design of pilot plant systems which will be more effective than existing alternative technologies in reducing accumulations of persistent polynuclear aromatics (PNA's) at Superfund sites. Design parameters will also be developed for the addition of an online waste reduction process as a cleanup stage for detoxification of hazardous organic compounds contained in the waste sludge generated from petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. Deposition rates of PNA's from all sources are exceeding the natural destruction rates by microbial decomposition and photo-oxidation, and accumulations in the land/water ecosystems are occurring.' The majority of the accumulations are from anthropogenic sources and contain the semi-volatile condensed 4-5 aromatic ring compounds. Five of these PNA's are considered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be carcinogens and include: benzo(a)anthracene (B[a]A), ben- zo(b)fluoranthene (B[b]F), B[a]P, chrysene, and dibenzo(a,h)fluoranthene (DB[a,h]F). B[a)P is considered strongly carcinogenic based on cancers induced in small animal laboratory experimentation.2 These compounds are typically solids at ambient temperatures, and are characterized by their high organic partition coefficients, very low aqueous solubility, low vapor pressures and tendency to bioaccumulate in the natural environment. EPA has developed a listing of national sites containing hazardous materials and has established an order of priority for cleanup of these sites —National Priorities List (NPL). Many of these sites are contaminated with PNA's. The EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) has the responsibility for developing treatment strategies which can be applied to these sites. Three basic treatment mechanisms are favored by EPA.3 The treatment options include: a) destruction of the contaminant through chemical alteration to less toxic compounds (thermal destruction, dechlorination, and bioremediation); b) transfer of the contaminants to other waste streams for subsequent treatment (low temperature thermal desorption, chemical extraction, and soil washing); and c) contaminant bonding to waste media (immobilization). The current preferred methodology is thermal combustion (incineration), but costs are high and available capacity falls far short of the accumulated and projected industrial production of hazardous wastes. The second choice is bioremediation where costs factors are low but biodegradation times are comparatively long. A bioremediation solution must insure that the contaminated soils or sludges are detoxified to permit safe release to the environment, and all other products associated with the process such as recovered oils, surface scums, aqueous discharges, and decontaminated solids also meet current disposal regulations or are directed to further treatment. The two hazardous wastes selected for this study are sludges from API separators. The first sludge was obtained from one of 16 API separators from a fully integrated crude oil refinery while the second sludge was obtained from an API separator in a petrochemical complex. 45th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, © 1991 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 179
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC199021 |
Title | Biodegradation/partitioning of benzo(a)pyrene in liquid/solids suspended growth systems |
Author |
Marks, Robert E. Field, Stephen D. Wojtanowicz, Andrew K. |
Date of Original | 1990 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 45th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,41605 |
Extent of Original | p. 179-186 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-08-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 179 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 21 BIODEGRADATION/PARTITIONING OF BENZO(A)PYRENE IN LIQUID/SOLIDS SUSPENDED GROWTH SYSTEMS Robert E. Marks, Graduate Research Assistant Stephen D. Field, Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Andrew K. Wojtanowicz, Associate Professor Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. INTRODUCTION The scope of this research is to study the biodegradation and partitioning of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) contained in sludges in continuous growth systems with the longer term goal of developing engineering parameters for design of pilot plant systems which will be more effective than existing alternative technologies in reducing accumulations of persistent polynuclear aromatics (PNA's) at Superfund sites. Design parameters will also be developed for the addition of an online waste reduction process as a cleanup stage for detoxification of hazardous organic compounds contained in the waste sludge generated from petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. Deposition rates of PNA's from all sources are exceeding the natural destruction rates by microbial decomposition and photo-oxidation, and accumulations in the land/water ecosystems are occurring.' The majority of the accumulations are from anthropogenic sources and contain the semi-volatile condensed 4-5 aromatic ring compounds. Five of these PNA's are considered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be carcinogens and include: benzo(a)anthracene (B[a]A), ben- zo(b)fluoranthene (B[b]F), B[a]P, chrysene, and dibenzo(a,h)fluoranthene (DB[a,h]F). B[a)P is considered strongly carcinogenic based on cancers induced in small animal laboratory experimentation.2 These compounds are typically solids at ambient temperatures, and are characterized by their high organic partition coefficients, very low aqueous solubility, low vapor pressures and tendency to bioaccumulate in the natural environment. EPA has developed a listing of national sites containing hazardous materials and has established an order of priority for cleanup of these sites —National Priorities List (NPL). Many of these sites are contaminated with PNA's. The EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) has the responsibility for developing treatment strategies which can be applied to these sites. Three basic treatment mechanisms are favored by EPA.3 The treatment options include: a) destruction of the contaminant through chemical alteration to less toxic compounds (thermal destruction, dechlorination, and bioremediation); b) transfer of the contaminants to other waste streams for subsequent treatment (low temperature thermal desorption, chemical extraction, and soil washing); and c) contaminant bonding to waste media (immobilization). The current preferred methodology is thermal combustion (incineration), but costs are high and available capacity falls far short of the accumulated and projected industrial production of hazardous wastes. The second choice is bioremediation where costs factors are low but biodegradation times are comparatively long. A bioremediation solution must insure that the contaminated soils or sludges are detoxified to permit safe release to the environment, and all other products associated with the process such as recovered oils, surface scums, aqueous discharges, and decontaminated solids also meet current disposal regulations or are directed to further treatment. The two hazardous wastes selected for this study are sludges from API separators. The first sludge was obtained from one of 16 API separators from a fully integrated crude oil refinery while the second sludge was obtained from an API separator in a petrochemical complex. 45th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, © 1991 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 179 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for page 179