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42 ATP TOXICITY TEST IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS PR. Senthilnathan, Senior Environmental Engineer Merck & Company Elkston, Virginia 22827 J. J. Ganczarczyk, Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada INTRODUCTION The microbial population in activated sludge plants are vulnerable to toxic substances in the influent. Particularly, the municipal sewage treatment plants experience sometimes unexpected upsets due to toxins discharged by industries. In order to prevent such upsets, toxicity screening tests of industrial discharges are recommended. Among various methods available for the short term toxicity screening, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay has gained a broad popularity. At present, many commercial testing equipment and protocols are available to measure the level of ATP in activated sludge. Generally, the short term toxicity screening test is carried out as follows: the suspected influent is added to a sample of the activated sludge and aerated while another sample of the activated sludge is aerated under endogenous conditions as a control. At selected time intervals (e.g. 30, 60 and 120 minutes), the level of ATP in the test and control activated sludge is determined. A substantial decrease in ATP level is considered to indicate the toxicity of the tested wastewater. However, some precautions are necessary for a correct application of this method. This paper identifies some measures which have to be considered to avoid wrong conclusions. BACKGROUND Toxicity testing methods using microorganisms has an excellent potential in predicting the toxicity of wastewaters. Various methods for this purpose are described elsewhere.',2 Among various methods, respirometry, ATP measurement, and dehydrogenase activity measurement (for e.g. by 2, 3, 5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride [TTC]) are broadly used for measuring the toxicity of wastewaters to activated sludge. Several investigators reported ATP measurement as a useful tool for measuring viable biomass concentration1"20 applied the ATP measurement for predicting toxicity to activated sludge. For toxic substances causing uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP measurement was more sensitive than respirometry in predicting the toxicity.21 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a universal constituent of living cells, plays an important role in bacterial metabolism. It is also known as the "universal energy currency". Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) yields about 7 kcal/mol of ATP. ATP decomposes rapidly upon cell death. ATP is usually measured by a bioluminescent enzymatic reaction as shown below. Mg+ + Luciferin + Luciferase + ATP > Luciferin-Luciferase-AMP + Pyrophosphate ♦ o2 Luciferin-Luciferase-AMP >Oxyluciferin + Luciferase + AMP+ C02 + Light 45th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, © 1991 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 369
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC199042 |
Title | ATP toxicity test in activated sludge systems |
Author |
Senthilnathan, P. R. Ganczarczyk, Jerzy J., 1928- |
Date of Original | 1990 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 45th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,41605 |
Extent of Original | p. 369-376 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-08-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 369 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 42 ATP TOXICITY TEST IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS PR. Senthilnathan, Senior Environmental Engineer Merck & Company Elkston, Virginia 22827 J. J. Ganczarczyk, Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada INTRODUCTION The microbial population in activated sludge plants are vulnerable to toxic substances in the influent. Particularly, the municipal sewage treatment plants experience sometimes unexpected upsets due to toxins discharged by industries. In order to prevent such upsets, toxicity screening tests of industrial discharges are recommended. Among various methods available for the short term toxicity screening, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay has gained a broad popularity. At present, many commercial testing equipment and protocols are available to measure the level of ATP in activated sludge. Generally, the short term toxicity screening test is carried out as follows: the suspected influent is added to a sample of the activated sludge and aerated while another sample of the activated sludge is aerated under endogenous conditions as a control. At selected time intervals (e.g. 30, 60 and 120 minutes), the level of ATP in the test and control activated sludge is determined. A substantial decrease in ATP level is considered to indicate the toxicity of the tested wastewater. However, some precautions are necessary for a correct application of this method. This paper identifies some measures which have to be considered to avoid wrong conclusions. BACKGROUND Toxicity testing methods using microorganisms has an excellent potential in predicting the toxicity of wastewaters. Various methods for this purpose are described elsewhere.',2 Among various methods, respirometry, ATP measurement, and dehydrogenase activity measurement (for e.g. by 2, 3, 5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride [TTC]) are broadly used for measuring the toxicity of wastewaters to activated sludge. Several investigators reported ATP measurement as a useful tool for measuring viable biomass concentration1"20 applied the ATP measurement for predicting toxicity to activated sludge. For toxic substances causing uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP measurement was more sensitive than respirometry in predicting the toxicity.21 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a universal constituent of living cells, plays an important role in bacterial metabolism. It is also known as the "universal energy currency". Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) yields about 7 kcal/mol of ATP. ATP decomposes rapidly upon cell death. ATP is usually measured by a bioluminescent enzymatic reaction as shown below. Mg+ + Luciferin + Luciferase + ATP > Luciferin-Luciferase-AMP + Pyrophosphate ♦ o2 Luciferin-Luciferase-AMP >Oxyluciferin + Luciferase + AMP+ C02 + Light 45th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, © 1991 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 369 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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