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77 LIQUID/SOLIDS BIOTREATMENT OF PRESSURE FILTERED REFINERY WASTE SLUDGE Carole L. Engelder, Research Engineer Colin G. Grieves, Research Supervisor John M. Weber, Senior Technician Amoco Oil Company Amoco Research Center Naperville, Illinois 60566 INTRODUCTION As an alternative Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) for treatment of listed hazardous refinery wastes, liquid/solids biotreatment of pressure filtered sludge was investigated. Process variables included sludge conditioning and prebiotreatment neutralization. Regulated organic constituents were measured and shown to be removed below BDAT standards levels. First-order half-life for oil removal averaged 42 days. BACKGROUND Land Ban Regulations Under the direction of the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set treatment standards on 8 August 1988 for the "first-third" of hazardous wastes to eventually be regulated. 1 The standards give contaminant concentration levels that must be attained before land disposal of the waste. Wastes containing levels greater than the standard, and are unable to demonstrate "no- migration" are banned from land disposal, hence the phrase, "land ban regulation". Five EPA-listed petroleum refining wastes were included in the First-Third waste regulations, K048-K052. These wastes and the limits set by EPA for total organic constituent composition are given in Table I. The regulated organics include volatile organic compounds (VOC), polynuclear aromatics (PNA), phthalates, and phenols. Total cyanide levels, as well as metals, have also been set in the wastes. The standards set for the refinery listed wastes were based on solvent extraction or incineration as the Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT). Any technology not prohibited, though, can be used to meet the BDAT standards. One treatment scheme under optimization to meet BDAT standards includes pressure filtration for oil removal/recovery followed by biological liquid/solids treatment (LST). Alternative BDAT Treatment Recessed-plate pressure filtration is used by Amoco to recover oil from waste streams prior to final treatment and disposal. Full-scale oil recoveries have averaged over 90% while producing a cake of over 60% dry solids. Waste quantity reduction due to the deoiling and dewatering is consistently about 83%. The filter press achieves two goals: 1) resource conservation through oil recovery; and 2) waste minimization. Prior to filtration, the sludge is conditioned with 15% lime (by dry weight of the sludge). The lime serves dual purposes: aiding in breaking the oil/water/solids sludge emulsion by raising the pH and supplying body feed. A filter aid added as a body feed maintains the sludge cake porosity. The filter aid solid particles create channels allowing liquids to flow through the cake, maximizing filtration rate. Maintaining cake porosity also increases the filter cycle life by delaying the pressure differential buildup that signals the end of the filter cycle. 44th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, © 1990 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 703
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198977 |
Title | Liquid/solids biotreatment of pressure filtered refinery waste sludge |
Author |
Engelder, Carole L. Grieves, Colin G. Weber, John M. |
Date of Original | 1989 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 44th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,40757 |
Extent of Original | p. 703-710 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-08-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 703 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 77 LIQUID/SOLIDS BIOTREATMENT OF PRESSURE FILTERED REFINERY WASTE SLUDGE Carole L. Engelder, Research Engineer Colin G. Grieves, Research Supervisor John M. Weber, Senior Technician Amoco Oil Company Amoco Research Center Naperville, Illinois 60566 INTRODUCTION As an alternative Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) for treatment of listed hazardous refinery wastes, liquid/solids biotreatment of pressure filtered sludge was investigated. Process variables included sludge conditioning and prebiotreatment neutralization. Regulated organic constituents were measured and shown to be removed below BDAT standards levels. First-order half-life for oil removal averaged 42 days. BACKGROUND Land Ban Regulations Under the direction of the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set treatment standards on 8 August 1988 for the "first-third" of hazardous wastes to eventually be regulated. 1 The standards give contaminant concentration levels that must be attained before land disposal of the waste. Wastes containing levels greater than the standard, and are unable to demonstrate "no- migration" are banned from land disposal, hence the phrase, "land ban regulation". Five EPA-listed petroleum refining wastes were included in the First-Third waste regulations, K048-K052. These wastes and the limits set by EPA for total organic constituent composition are given in Table I. The regulated organics include volatile organic compounds (VOC), polynuclear aromatics (PNA), phthalates, and phenols. Total cyanide levels, as well as metals, have also been set in the wastes. The standards set for the refinery listed wastes were based on solvent extraction or incineration as the Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT). Any technology not prohibited, though, can be used to meet the BDAT standards. One treatment scheme under optimization to meet BDAT standards includes pressure filtration for oil removal/recovery followed by biological liquid/solids treatment (LST). Alternative BDAT Treatment Recessed-plate pressure filtration is used by Amoco to recover oil from waste streams prior to final treatment and disposal. Full-scale oil recoveries have averaged over 90% while producing a cake of over 60% dry solids. Waste quantity reduction due to the deoiling and dewatering is consistently about 83%. The filter press achieves two goals: 1) resource conservation through oil recovery; and 2) waste minimization. Prior to filtration, the sludge is conditioned with 15% lime (by dry weight of the sludge). The lime serves dual purposes: aiding in breaking the oil/water/solids sludge emulsion by raising the pH and supplying body feed. A filter aid added as a body feed maintains the sludge cake porosity. The filter aid solid particles create channels allowing liquids to flow through the cake, maximizing filtration rate. Maintaining cake porosity also increases the filter cycle life by delaying the pressure differential buildup that signals the end of the filter cycle. 44th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, © 1990 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 703 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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