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PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND TREATMENT OF REFINERY SLUDGES Thomas G. Sprehe, Engineer Solid and Hazardous Waste Division Post, Buckley, Schuh, and Jernigan, Inc. West Palm Beach, Florida 33401 Leale E. Streebin, Director James M. Robertson, Professor Paul T. Bowen, Assistant Professor School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 73019 INTRODUCTION Land application of various wastes has been practiced worldwide for over 100 years. Today, many industrial wastes, including petroleum refinery sludges, are applied to land for treatment and disposal on an ever-increasing basis. Studies completed to date show that land treatment can be an environmentally safe technique for both biological and oily sludge disposal. When land area is readily available, land treatment is usually more cost effective than other disposal methods, including landfilling. The relative simplicity of operation is a major advantage. However, operational simplicity can lead to quick abuse, especially in the absence of rational guidelines for process design and operation. As part of EPA's Hazardous Waste Land Treatment Research Program, an extensive field project was undertaken at the University of Oklahoma to evaluate and optimize physical, chemical, biological, and operational factors which control the process of land treatment of oily sludge [1]. The purpose of the research was to study the land treatment process for treatment of API separator sludge in order to establish operational guidelines and a rational basis for process design. It was recognized that the usefulness of such guidelines would be less in their application to situations closely matching the conditions of the subject study than as a general approach applicable to a variety of oily waste types and site conditions. Specific objectives were to determine optimum sludge loading rates and application frequencies, as well as to identify operational considerations important to the process. Additional research objectives were to study the fate of selected priority pollutants commonly present in oily sludges, and to assess the volatile atmospheric emissions from their application to land. In assessing volatile emissions from land treatment, the objectives were to: 1) determine the rate and magnitude of fugitive hydrocarbon emissions; 2) evaluate and model the effects of parameters such as sludge loading rate, temperature, soil moisture, and relative humidity on the quantity of emissions; and 3) identify and quantify individual compounds being emitted. Volatile emissions were thus accounted for in the oil mass balance equation. PROTOTYPE FIELD FACILITY In order to gain as much practical insight into the land treatment process as possible, a full scale prototype field facility was constructed and actual refinery API separator sludges treated. A ten-acre site owned by the University of Oklahoma was selected for use in the study. The site soil, a bethany silt loam, was underlain by several hundred feet of impermeable clay. The site was designed to hold a maximum of 50 plots, 2.7 m x 6 m (9 ft x 20 ft). Twenty-foot buffer zones were provided to minimize material transfer between plots. This spacing also made it convenient to maneuver the tractor and applicator to each plot. The site was diked and provided with a stormwater retention pond. Two tanks for on-site storage of the API separator sludges were provided with a total capacity 529
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198553 |
Title | Process considerations in land treatment of refinery sludges |
Author |
Sprehe, Thomas G. Streebin, Leale E. Robertson, James M. Bowen, Paul T. |
Date of Original | 1985 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 40th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,36131 |
Extent of Original | p. 529-534 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-15 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 529 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND TREATMENT OF REFINERY SLUDGES Thomas G. Sprehe, Engineer Solid and Hazardous Waste Division Post, Buckley, Schuh, and Jernigan, Inc. West Palm Beach, Florida 33401 Leale E. Streebin, Director James M. Robertson, Professor Paul T. Bowen, Assistant Professor School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 73019 INTRODUCTION Land application of various wastes has been practiced worldwide for over 100 years. Today, many industrial wastes, including petroleum refinery sludges, are applied to land for treatment and disposal on an ever-increasing basis. Studies completed to date show that land treatment can be an environmentally safe technique for both biological and oily sludge disposal. When land area is readily available, land treatment is usually more cost effective than other disposal methods, including landfilling. The relative simplicity of operation is a major advantage. However, operational simplicity can lead to quick abuse, especially in the absence of rational guidelines for process design and operation. As part of EPA's Hazardous Waste Land Treatment Research Program, an extensive field project was undertaken at the University of Oklahoma to evaluate and optimize physical, chemical, biological, and operational factors which control the process of land treatment of oily sludge [1]. The purpose of the research was to study the land treatment process for treatment of API separator sludge in order to establish operational guidelines and a rational basis for process design. It was recognized that the usefulness of such guidelines would be less in their application to situations closely matching the conditions of the subject study than as a general approach applicable to a variety of oily waste types and site conditions. Specific objectives were to determine optimum sludge loading rates and application frequencies, as well as to identify operational considerations important to the process. Additional research objectives were to study the fate of selected priority pollutants commonly present in oily sludges, and to assess the volatile atmospheric emissions from their application to land. In assessing volatile emissions from land treatment, the objectives were to: 1) determine the rate and magnitude of fugitive hydrocarbon emissions; 2) evaluate and model the effects of parameters such as sludge loading rate, temperature, soil moisture, and relative humidity on the quantity of emissions; and 3) identify and quantify individual compounds being emitted. Volatile emissions were thus accounted for in the oil mass balance equation. PROTOTYPE FIELD FACILITY In order to gain as much practical insight into the land treatment process as possible, a full scale prototype field facility was constructed and actual refinery API separator sludges treated. A ten-acre site owned by the University of Oklahoma was selected for use in the study. The site soil, a bethany silt loam, was underlain by several hundred feet of impermeable clay. The site was designed to hold a maximum of 50 plots, 2.7 m x 6 m (9 ft x 20 ft). Twenty-foot buffer zones were provided to minimize material transfer between plots. This spacing also made it convenient to maneuver the tractor and applicator to each plot. The site was diked and provided with a stormwater retention pond. Two tanks for on-site storage of the API separator sludges were provided with a total capacity 529 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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