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47 ORIGINS OF VOLATILE HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN CHLORINATED EFFLUENTS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS CONTAINING DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONTRIBUTIONS Joseph V. Hunter, Professor II and Chairman Gregory Toffoli, Research Assistant Department of Environmental Science Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Robert Mueller, Principal Environmental Specialist New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Office of Science and Research Trenton, New Jersey 08625 INTRODUCTION Although it has been considered by investigators in the public health area as one of the barriers to the spread of waterborne infectious diseases through the protection of recreational and shellfish uses of receiving waters, wastewater treatment plant effluent disinfection employing chlorination has caused considerable controversy over the past several years. Excepting such potential considerations as cost, objections to such disinfection through chlorination fall into two categories. The first involves the concerns centered about the release of a "toxic" disinfectant to the receiving waters, that is, "residual" chlorine. The second involves the concerns centered about the oxidative nature of chlorine. As an oxidant, hypochlorite (the reaction product of gaseous chlorine and water) may oxidize an organic compound through the removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen or through the replacement of hydrogen by chlorine or even the addition of chlorine to double bonds. The first two reactions are typical of oxidative processes that occur naturally in receiving waters and so are considered relatively unobjectionable. The addition of chlorine to organic molecules, however, may cause the formation of chlorinated organics having objectionable physiological activities —such as odor, toxicity, mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. Thus, it is this second type of reaction that causes concerns over the discharge of such organics to the aquatic environment. A number of studies [1,2,3] have confirmed the presence of halogenated organics in chlorinated wastewater treatment plant effluents. This was to be expected since the concentration of organic compounds in effluents should act as precursors in a manner analogous to the natural organics in surface waters which can produce substantial quantities of trihalomethanes subsequent to chlorination. As effluents from plants treating a mixture of domestic and industrial wastes would be expected to have a greater diversity of organics than plants treating only domestic wastes, the chlorination of effluents from the treatment of domestic/industrial waste mixtures might be expected to produce a greater diversity and concentration of organics than the chlorination of effluents from domestic wastes only. A previous paper [4] described an attempt to establish this relationship. In this study, the concentrations of the relatively volatile halogenated compounds were determined in unchlorinated and chlorinated effluents from treatment plants treating wastewaters containing 0%, 25%, and 50% industrial wastewater contributions. Unfortunately, the large number and high concentrations of halogenated organics in the unchlorinated effluents containing industrial waste contributions rendered definitive conclusions impossible, although ii could be suspected that if industrial wastes made substantial contributions of precursors for the formation of halogenated organics, this would have been obvious despite the high background levels. To determine whether or not the premise of this study was correct, the study was repeated in a considerably more exacting manner. The results of this study are described in this paper. 401
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198647 |
Title | Origin of volatile halogenated organic compounds in chlorinated effluents from wastewater treatment plants containing different industrial waste contributions |
Author |
Hunter, Joseph V., 1925- Toffoli, Gregory Mueller, Robert |
Date of Original | 1986 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 41st Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,37786 |
Extent of Original | p. 401-407 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-13 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 401 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 47 ORIGINS OF VOLATILE HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN CHLORINATED EFFLUENTS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS CONTAINING DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONTRIBUTIONS Joseph V. Hunter, Professor II and Chairman Gregory Toffoli, Research Assistant Department of Environmental Science Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Robert Mueller, Principal Environmental Specialist New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Office of Science and Research Trenton, New Jersey 08625 INTRODUCTION Although it has been considered by investigators in the public health area as one of the barriers to the spread of waterborne infectious diseases through the protection of recreational and shellfish uses of receiving waters, wastewater treatment plant effluent disinfection employing chlorination has caused considerable controversy over the past several years. Excepting such potential considerations as cost, objections to such disinfection through chlorination fall into two categories. The first involves the concerns centered about the release of a "toxic" disinfectant to the receiving waters, that is, "residual" chlorine. The second involves the concerns centered about the oxidative nature of chlorine. As an oxidant, hypochlorite (the reaction product of gaseous chlorine and water) may oxidize an organic compound through the removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen or through the replacement of hydrogen by chlorine or even the addition of chlorine to double bonds. The first two reactions are typical of oxidative processes that occur naturally in receiving waters and so are considered relatively unobjectionable. The addition of chlorine to organic molecules, however, may cause the formation of chlorinated organics having objectionable physiological activities —such as odor, toxicity, mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. Thus, it is this second type of reaction that causes concerns over the discharge of such organics to the aquatic environment. A number of studies [1,2,3] have confirmed the presence of halogenated organics in chlorinated wastewater treatment plant effluents. This was to be expected since the concentration of organic compounds in effluents should act as precursors in a manner analogous to the natural organics in surface waters which can produce substantial quantities of trihalomethanes subsequent to chlorination. As effluents from plants treating a mixture of domestic and industrial wastes would be expected to have a greater diversity of organics than plants treating only domestic wastes, the chlorination of effluents from the treatment of domestic/industrial waste mixtures might be expected to produce a greater diversity and concentration of organics than the chlorination of effluents from domestic wastes only. A previous paper [4] described an attempt to establish this relationship. In this study, the concentrations of the relatively volatile halogenated compounds were determined in unchlorinated and chlorinated effluents from treatment plants treating wastewaters containing 0%, 25%, and 50% industrial wastewater contributions. Unfortunately, the large number and high concentrations of halogenated organics in the unchlorinated effluents containing industrial waste contributions rendered definitive conclusions impossible, although ii could be suspected that if industrial wastes made substantial contributions of precursors for the formation of halogenated organics, this would have been obvious despite the high background levels. To determine whether or not the premise of this study was correct, the study was repeated in a considerably more exacting manner. The results of this study are described in this paper. 401 |
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