page 405 |
Previous | 1 of 12 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND REDUCTION BY RIDGE AND FURROW LAND TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTE Fred J. Doran, Engineer Foth and Van Dyke Industrial, Inc. Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307 David K. Sauer, Engineer Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin 53702 William C. Boyle, Professor P. Mac Berthouex, Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 INTRODUCTION For many years the ridge and furrow land treatment process has been a popular and simple method of industrial wastewater disposal. In Wisconsin, there are 83 dairies, four meat packers, a rendering plant, and a pet food manufacturer which use ridge and furrow treatment [1]. Site areas range from 0.1 to 56 acres. The three advantages in selecting this treatment process are: 1) ease of operation; 2) low capital and operation/maintenance costs; and 3) year around operation [1]. Design is based on hydraulic and BOD, loading rates. Nitrogen loading rates have generally not been considered in the past. Two or more cells are preferred to allow for load/rest flexibility. Load/rest cycles alternately aerate and deaerate the soil which enhances wastewater treatment [2,3,4,5]. This paper presents the results of a study supported by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and conducted at two ridge and furrow sites treating cheese processing wastewater. Site A receives 39,000 gallons per day (gpd) and is located on 4.7 acres of sandy soil. Site B receives 14,000 gpd and is located on 3.0 acres of silty loam soil. The project had the following three objectives: 1) to calculate a nitrogen budget for the unsaturated zone beneath each system; 2) to determine the nitrogen transformations in the wastewater as it percolated from the furrow to the groundwater; and 3) to analyze ridge and furrow treatment effectiveness under different soil and loading conditions. To complete these objectives, groundwater monitoring wells and lysimeters were installed and a sampling program was initiated in August 1983. Well, lysimeter, furrow-water, and wastewater samples were collected and analyzed through November 1984. SITES, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Site A is located on an unconfined aquifer consisting of glacial outwash along the Sugar River. This sandy material extends approximately 70 feet deep and overlays a sandstone aquifer. Results of soil analyses conducted on samples collected during well and lysimeter installation at Site A indicated the following parameter ranges: • sand: 81-99%, • silt: 0-16%, • clay: 1-5%, • average CEC: 3 meq/100 grams soil, and • total nitrogen: 0-0.11% A plan view of the 4.7 acre, two cell system is shown in Figure 1. 405
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198541 |
Title | Nitrogen transformations and reduction by ridge and furrow land treatment of dairy waste |
Author |
Doran, Fred J. Sauer, David K. Boyle, William C. (William Charles), 1936- Berthouex, P. Mac (Paul Mac), 1940- |
Date of Original | 1985 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 40th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,36131 |
Extent of Original | p. 405-416 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-15 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 405 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND REDUCTION BY RIDGE AND FURROW LAND TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTE Fred J. Doran, Engineer Foth and Van Dyke Industrial, Inc. Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307 David K. Sauer, Engineer Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin 53702 William C. Boyle, Professor P. Mac Berthouex, Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 INTRODUCTION For many years the ridge and furrow land treatment process has been a popular and simple method of industrial wastewater disposal. In Wisconsin, there are 83 dairies, four meat packers, a rendering plant, and a pet food manufacturer which use ridge and furrow treatment [1]. Site areas range from 0.1 to 56 acres. The three advantages in selecting this treatment process are: 1) ease of operation; 2) low capital and operation/maintenance costs; and 3) year around operation [1]. Design is based on hydraulic and BOD, loading rates. Nitrogen loading rates have generally not been considered in the past. Two or more cells are preferred to allow for load/rest flexibility. Load/rest cycles alternately aerate and deaerate the soil which enhances wastewater treatment [2,3,4,5]. This paper presents the results of a study supported by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and conducted at two ridge and furrow sites treating cheese processing wastewater. Site A receives 39,000 gallons per day (gpd) and is located on 4.7 acres of sandy soil. Site B receives 14,000 gpd and is located on 3.0 acres of silty loam soil. The project had the following three objectives: 1) to calculate a nitrogen budget for the unsaturated zone beneath each system; 2) to determine the nitrogen transformations in the wastewater as it percolated from the furrow to the groundwater; and 3) to analyze ridge and furrow treatment effectiveness under different soil and loading conditions. To complete these objectives, groundwater monitoring wells and lysimeters were installed and a sampling program was initiated in August 1983. Well, lysimeter, furrow-water, and wastewater samples were collected and analyzed through November 1984. SITES, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Site A is located on an unconfined aquifer consisting of glacial outwash along the Sugar River. This sandy material extends approximately 70 feet deep and overlays a sandstone aquifer. Results of soil analyses conducted on samples collected during well and lysimeter installation at Site A indicated the following parameter ranges: • sand: 81-99%, • silt: 0-16%, • clay: 1-5%, • average CEC: 3 meq/100 grams soil, and • total nitrogen: 0-0.11% A plan view of the 4.7 acre, two cell system is shown in Figure 1. 405 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for page 405