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ALGAE, ION EXCHANGE AND METAL FINISHING WASTES Frederick J. Sloan, Graduate Student A. Ray Abernathy, Professor J. Charles Jennett, Dean of Engineering and Professor Environmental Systems Engineering Department Clemson University Clemson, S.C. 29631 INTRODUCTION It has been extensively documented that microorganisms including algae have the ability to remove metal ions from solution [1-11]. The possibility that this phenomenon might be utilized for treatment of wastewater has been suggested [6, 12-15], although not all reports have been favorable [15]. Perhaps one of the biggest stumbling blocks to making feasible the use of algae for removing metal ions from solution has been the lack of a clear understanding of the best method for describing the equilibrium distribution that exists between algae and metals in solution. Two general models have been used to describe metal ion uptake by algae. One method has been the use of the concentration factor (CF.) [11]. fig metal removed/g of algae CF. = (1) ng metal in solution/ml solution where: CF. = the concentration factor, a unitless quantity. The second method has been the use of adsorption isotherms based upon either the Freundlich equation [16] or the Langmiur equation [16]. Freundlich equation: q = K In C|/m '^) where: qe = moles solute adsorbed per gram of sorbate Kf = an empirical constant C = equilibrium concentration of bulk solution in moles/liter m = an empirical constant Langmuir equation: ^ m (Qo b C)/(, + b C) (3) where: Q° = moles adsorbed in forming a complete monolayer on the surface b = a constant related to the energy or net enthalpy qc = moles solute adsorbed per gram of solvent Ion exchange has also been proposed as a possible method by which algae could remove metal ions solution, but work in this area has been limited [4, 6, 17]. Both CF. and adsorption isotherm data have been subject to extreme variability both from one research group to another and from field experiments to laboratory work. It seemed that determination of the effect of ionic strength upon the distribution of metal ions between algae and solution could add to our understanding of the methods for modelling this phenomenon. A number of investigators have established selectivity sequences for various metal ions by microorganisms [2-4, 18-22]. Table I presents some of those findings. In view of the diverse conditions and species used, it is surprising that there is a degree of agreement between investigators. 537
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198457 |
Title | Algae, ion exchange and metal finishing wastes |
Author |
Sloan, Frederick J. Abernathy, A. Ray Bennett, J. Charles |
Date of Original | 1984 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 39th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,35769 |
Extent of Original | p. 537-544 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-21 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 537 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | ALGAE, ION EXCHANGE AND METAL FINISHING WASTES Frederick J. Sloan, Graduate Student A. Ray Abernathy, Professor J. Charles Jennett, Dean of Engineering and Professor Environmental Systems Engineering Department Clemson University Clemson, S.C. 29631 INTRODUCTION It has been extensively documented that microorganisms including algae have the ability to remove metal ions from solution [1-11]. The possibility that this phenomenon might be utilized for treatment of wastewater has been suggested [6, 12-15], although not all reports have been favorable [15]. Perhaps one of the biggest stumbling blocks to making feasible the use of algae for removing metal ions from solution has been the lack of a clear understanding of the best method for describing the equilibrium distribution that exists between algae and metals in solution. Two general models have been used to describe metal ion uptake by algae. One method has been the use of the concentration factor (CF.) [11]. fig metal removed/g of algae CF. = (1) ng metal in solution/ml solution where: CF. = the concentration factor, a unitless quantity. The second method has been the use of adsorption isotherms based upon either the Freundlich equation [16] or the Langmiur equation [16]. Freundlich equation: q = K In C|/m '^) where: qe = moles solute adsorbed per gram of sorbate Kf = an empirical constant C = equilibrium concentration of bulk solution in moles/liter m = an empirical constant Langmuir equation: ^ m (Qo b C)/(, + b C) (3) where: Q° = moles adsorbed in forming a complete monolayer on the surface b = a constant related to the energy or net enthalpy qc = moles solute adsorbed per gram of solvent Ion exchange has also been proposed as a possible method by which algae could remove metal ions solution, but work in this area has been limited [4, 6, 17]. Both CF. and adsorption isotherm data have been subject to extreme variability both from one research group to another and from field experiments to laboratory work. It seemed that determination of the effect of ionic strength upon the distribution of metal ions between algae and solution could add to our understanding of the methods for modelling this phenomenon. A number of investigators have established selectivity sequences for various metal ions by microorganisms [2-4, 18-22]. Table I presents some of those findings. In view of the diverse conditions and species used, it is surprising that there is a degree of agreement between investigators. 537 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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