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Section 7. TEXTILE WASTES TREATMENT OF WOOL SCOUR WASTEWATER: RECENT TRENDS IN NEW ZEALAND Francis Wilson, Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand Paul H. King, Professor Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 INTRODUCTION The land mass of New Zealand is comprised of two major and a number of minor islands close to 175° longitude and in the mid latitudes. The land is geologically active, the collision of two tectonic plates creating mountainous regions, especially in the South island. In addition, volcanic eruptions in recent geologic time has led to rolling hilly landscapes, particularly in the North island. The relative scarcity of high quality, low level farmland, coupled with the even distribution of rain throughout the year, encouraged the early European settlers to raise sheep, in many instances burning the existing ground cover to establish pastures. The introduction of Merinos in the 1840s was followed by Southdowns, Leicesters, Lincolns and Romneys from Britain in the 1860s. The success of refrigerated shipments of mutton and lamb in 1882 led to moves away from the Merino and Merino crosses, which were suitable for wool (and tallow), and toward the introduction of Romneys, Corriedales and crossbreeds. New Zealand currently has a sheep population of approximately 66 million sheep and lambs, with the major breeds being predominantly Romneys in the North island, Merino crosses in the dryer part of the South island mountains, Corriedales in the better hill country, and long wooled British breeds and crossbreeds at lower levels [1]. New Zealand is ranked third in the world as a wool producer and second as a wool exporter of mainly cross-bred wool. Total exports vary, but average 334,000 tonnes per year (1977-81) with a net worth of $NZ 0.94 billion per year (1981). Table I shows the value to the New Zealand economy of greasy and scoured wool compared with other major exports [1], and Table II shows the growth in the quantity of wool scoured [1]. The dispersed nature of wool production in New Zealand coupled with the very small human population (3.2 million in 1981) leads to the wool scour industry being scattered through six major provinces and producing grossly polluting localized discharges of scour liquors which often outweigh the BOD contribution from the local population. Depending on the method used to scour the wool, the 136,000 tonnes scoured in 1981 is estimated to produce 8 x 10* kg BOD5 and 3 x 107 kg COD. The human population would contribute perhaps 8 x 107 kg BOD5, but this would be spread evenly throughout the year. 193
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198321 |
Title | Treatment of wool scour wastewater: recent trends in New Zealand |
Author |
Wilson, Francis King, Paul H. |
Date of Original | 1983 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 38th Industrial Waste Conference |
Extent of Original | p. 193-200 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-28 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 193 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Section 7. TEXTILE WASTES TREATMENT OF WOOL SCOUR WASTEWATER: RECENT TRENDS IN NEW ZEALAND Francis Wilson, Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand Paul H. King, Professor Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 INTRODUCTION The land mass of New Zealand is comprised of two major and a number of minor islands close to 175° longitude and in the mid latitudes. The land is geologically active, the collision of two tectonic plates creating mountainous regions, especially in the South island. In addition, volcanic eruptions in recent geologic time has led to rolling hilly landscapes, particularly in the North island. The relative scarcity of high quality, low level farmland, coupled with the even distribution of rain throughout the year, encouraged the early European settlers to raise sheep, in many instances burning the existing ground cover to establish pastures. The introduction of Merinos in the 1840s was followed by Southdowns, Leicesters, Lincolns and Romneys from Britain in the 1860s. The success of refrigerated shipments of mutton and lamb in 1882 led to moves away from the Merino and Merino crosses, which were suitable for wool (and tallow), and toward the introduction of Romneys, Corriedales and crossbreeds. New Zealand currently has a sheep population of approximately 66 million sheep and lambs, with the major breeds being predominantly Romneys in the North island, Merino crosses in the dryer part of the South island mountains, Corriedales in the better hill country, and long wooled British breeds and crossbreeds at lower levels [1]. New Zealand is ranked third in the world as a wool producer and second as a wool exporter of mainly cross-bred wool. Total exports vary, but average 334,000 tonnes per year (1977-81) with a net worth of $NZ 0.94 billion per year (1981). Table I shows the value to the New Zealand economy of greasy and scoured wool compared with other major exports [1], and Table II shows the growth in the quantity of wool scoured [1]. The dispersed nature of wool production in New Zealand coupled with the very small human population (3.2 million in 1981) leads to the wool scour industry being scattered through six major provinces and producing grossly polluting localized discharges of scour liquors which often outweigh the BOD contribution from the local population. Depending on the method used to scour the wool, the 136,000 tonnes scoured in 1981 is estimated to produce 8 x 10* kg BOD5 and 3 x 107 kg COD. The human population would contribute perhaps 8 x 107 kg BOD5, but this would be spread evenly throughout the year. 193 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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