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Studies of the Character and Treatment of Wastes from Duck Farms WALLACE W. SANDERSON Associate Sanitary Chemist Division of Laboratories and Research New York State Department of Health Albany, New York Approximately eight million ducks per year, equal to 60 percent of the commercial duck production of the United States, are grown on 68 farms in Suffolk County at the eastern end of Long Island. These farms have a total assessed valuation of about $2,500,000 and the value of the ducks produced is about $20,000,000. The growing of ducks must be considered an art and not a science. Each farmer has a different idea of the methods to be used, but certain general principles prevail. The duck grown is the White Pekin variety and the feathers constitute an appreciable proportion of the profits. The farmers claim the ducks must have access to water to produce satisfactory feathers. However, the length of time the ducks are on water varies at individual farms from the final five weeks of growth to two weeks. Various prepared feeds are used, and normally a duck is ready for slaughter eight weeks after hatching. The growing season extends from the middle of March to the middle of September, reaching a peak in June and July, although a breeding flock is kept throughout the year. The farms are located on the banks of estuaries and streams. Originally the ducks had access to the open water although confined by wire fences. This lead to the easy transmission of duck diseases from upstream farms to lower farms and after a disastrous epizootic, most, although not all, of the farms were separated from the open water by bulkheads. This left a run at the lowest elevation of the pens ranging from 20 to 30 feet in width and about 5 inches deep. The shallow depth has the advantage that the ducks can not swim and thus lose weight by exercise. A continuous flow of water through the duck runs is obtained either by pumping from wells or by digging the runs below groundwater level and depending on infiltration for the supply. In either case the effluent is discharged to the natural waterways. On most farms all surface water drainage from the duck pens, and in some 170
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC195319 |
Title | Studies of the character and treatment of wastes from duck farms |
Author | Sanderson, W. W. (Wallace W.) |
Date of Original | 1953 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the eighth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=3119&REC=9 |
Extent of Original | p. 170-176 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2008-09-22 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 170 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Studies of the Character and Treatment of Wastes from Duck Farms WALLACE W. SANDERSON Associate Sanitary Chemist Division of Laboratories and Research New York State Department of Health Albany, New York Approximately eight million ducks per year, equal to 60 percent of the commercial duck production of the United States, are grown on 68 farms in Suffolk County at the eastern end of Long Island. These farms have a total assessed valuation of about $2,500,000 and the value of the ducks produced is about $20,000,000. The growing of ducks must be considered an art and not a science. Each farmer has a different idea of the methods to be used, but certain general principles prevail. The duck grown is the White Pekin variety and the feathers constitute an appreciable proportion of the profits. The farmers claim the ducks must have access to water to produce satisfactory feathers. However, the length of time the ducks are on water varies at individual farms from the final five weeks of growth to two weeks. Various prepared feeds are used, and normally a duck is ready for slaughter eight weeks after hatching. The growing season extends from the middle of March to the middle of September, reaching a peak in June and July, although a breeding flock is kept throughout the year. The farms are located on the banks of estuaries and streams. Originally the ducks had access to the open water although confined by wire fences. This lead to the easy transmission of duck diseases from upstream farms to lower farms and after a disastrous epizootic, most, although not all, of the farms were separated from the open water by bulkheads. This left a run at the lowest elevation of the pens ranging from 20 to 30 feet in width and about 5 inches deep. The shallow depth has the advantage that the ducks can not swim and thus lose weight by exercise. A continuous flow of water through the duck runs is obtained either by pumping from wells or by digging the runs below groundwater level and depending on infiltration for the supply. In either case the effluent is discharged to the natural waterways. On most farms all surface water drainage from the duck pens, and in some 170 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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