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SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS USED FOR DISPOSAL OF VEGETABLE PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN WISCONSIN David K. Sauer, Environmental Engineer Bureau of Water Quality Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin 53707 Expressed in 1979 farm value dollars, approximately $105 million worth of canned and frozen vegetables were produced in Wisconsin during 1979 [1]. Wisconsin also ranked first in the country for the production of peas, green and wax beans and beets in 1979 and was second in the production of sweet corn and cabbage for sauerkraut. In terms of harvested acreage of vegetables, Wisconsin continues to rank number one in the country during 1979 [1]. Processing of these vegetable products results in the generation of a significant volume of wastewater. Individual operations within the plant such as washing, grading, cutting, peeling, transporting, rinsing and cooling all require the use of water. Previous studies have been made to establish the volume and the resulting strength of the wastewater generated for particular vegetable products [2, 3]. These volumes and strengths, however, often vary from plant to plant due to different degrees of water conservation and recycling. The length of the vegetable processing season in Wisconsin is approximately 90 days extending from July 1 through September 30. This fact largely influences the method of treatment for the processing wastewater. Treatment methods most often used include aerated lagoons with discharge to surface waters and/or spray irrigation of wastewater directly to the land. The seasonal nature of the vegetable processing business eliminates the successful and economical use of other treatment processes such as activated sludge systems and/or chemical treatment. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Information and data collected for this paper was compiled from reports submitted by industry to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The amount of information required by the state is specified in each industry's Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (WPDES) permit. Chapter 147, Wisconsin Statutes requires a permit for the lawful discharge of any pollutant into the waters of the state which include groundwaters by definition. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, P. L. 92-500, requires a permit for the lawful discharge of any pollutant into navigable waters. Therefore, in Wisconsin, permits are required for discharges from point sources to surface water of the state and additionally to land areas where pollutants may percolate, or seep to, or be leached to, groundwaters [4]. Information and data collected for the years 1977, 1978 and 1979 form the basis of this paper. In addition to the permit required information described above, system design information was gathered from plan approvals on record for existing systems. Detailed soils information for individual spray irrigation fields was gathered through the plan approvals and the use of published soil survey maps [5]. Information collected during plant inspections and compliance monitoring surveys by personnel from the Wisconsin DNR was also used in the write up of this paper. Installation of groundwater monitoring wells and monitoring of the groundwater lor land disposal of liquid wastes is established under Wisconsin Adminstrative Code Chapter NP 214 [6], Monitoring of the groundwater is dependent upon the volume and strength of the wastewater discharged and also upon the soil and geological conditions of the particular land disposal system. 643
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198064 |
Title | Spray irrigation systems used for disposal of vegetable processing wastewater in Wisconsin |
Author | Sauer, David K. |
Date of Original | 1980 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 35th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,31542 |
Extent of Original | p. 643-652 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-10-22 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 643 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS USED FOR DISPOSAL OF VEGETABLE PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN WISCONSIN David K. Sauer, Environmental Engineer Bureau of Water Quality Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin 53707 Expressed in 1979 farm value dollars, approximately $105 million worth of canned and frozen vegetables were produced in Wisconsin during 1979 [1]. Wisconsin also ranked first in the country for the production of peas, green and wax beans and beets in 1979 and was second in the production of sweet corn and cabbage for sauerkraut. In terms of harvested acreage of vegetables, Wisconsin continues to rank number one in the country during 1979 [1]. Processing of these vegetable products results in the generation of a significant volume of wastewater. Individual operations within the plant such as washing, grading, cutting, peeling, transporting, rinsing and cooling all require the use of water. Previous studies have been made to establish the volume and the resulting strength of the wastewater generated for particular vegetable products [2, 3]. These volumes and strengths, however, often vary from plant to plant due to different degrees of water conservation and recycling. The length of the vegetable processing season in Wisconsin is approximately 90 days extending from July 1 through September 30. This fact largely influences the method of treatment for the processing wastewater. Treatment methods most often used include aerated lagoons with discharge to surface waters and/or spray irrigation of wastewater directly to the land. The seasonal nature of the vegetable processing business eliminates the successful and economical use of other treatment processes such as activated sludge systems and/or chemical treatment. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Information and data collected for this paper was compiled from reports submitted by industry to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The amount of information required by the state is specified in each industry's Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (WPDES) permit. Chapter 147, Wisconsin Statutes requires a permit for the lawful discharge of any pollutant into the waters of the state which include groundwaters by definition. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, P. L. 92-500, requires a permit for the lawful discharge of any pollutant into navigable waters. Therefore, in Wisconsin, permits are required for discharges from point sources to surface water of the state and additionally to land areas where pollutants may percolate, or seep to, or be leached to, groundwaters [4]. Information and data collected for the years 1977, 1978 and 1979 form the basis of this paper. In addition to the permit required information described above, system design information was gathered from plan approvals on record for existing systems. Detailed soils information for individual spray irrigation fields was gathered through the plan approvals and the use of published soil survey maps [5]. Information collected during plant inspections and compliance monitoring surveys by personnel from the Wisconsin DNR was also used in the write up of this paper. Installation of groundwater monitoring wells and monitoring of the groundwater lor land disposal of liquid wastes is established under Wisconsin Adminstrative Code Chapter NP 214 [6], Monitoring of the groundwater is dependent upon the volume and strength of the wastewater discharged and also upon the soil and geological conditions of the particular land disposal system. 643 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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