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JOINT WASTEWATER TREATMENT CITY OF WHITEHALL AND WHITEHALL LEATHER COMPANY A. R. Balden, Industrial Waste Consultant E. F. Bossert, Director, Industrial Services S. K. Malhotra, Vice President, Research Williams & Works, Inc. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506 INTRODUCTION This paper describes how a tannery was able to successfully treat its wastes, in combination with municipal wastes, at an existing publicly owned wastewater treatment facility. The project is a good example of how cooperation between private industry and local government can achieve definitive results. Whitehall Leather Company (WLC), a division of the Genesco Corp., Nashville, Tennessee, is located in the City of Whitehall, Michigan. The company tans approximately 1500 cattle hides per day and has been in business since 1866. The City of Whitehall is located in Muskegon County and is part of a popular recreation and resort area in West Central Michigan. Up until the early 1970s, WLC treated all of its wastes in facultative settling ponds on its property with effluent discharge to White Lake. Higher treatment standards were established and the company initiated steps to provide alternate treatment. Several consultants were retained by WLC to analyze the company's waste streams and evaluate several different treatment systems. During this same time period, Muskegon County was completing final plans to replace the City of Whitehall's primary treatment plant with a regional land application facility east of the City. This 5290-m3/day (1.4-mgd) facility was completed in 1973 as part of the award-winning Muskegon County Land Application System which includes a 162,500- m3/day (43-mgd) facility to serve the Muskegon Metropolitan Area. Two treatment alternatives were proposed by other consultants to WLC: a) pretreatment on company property; and b) pretreatment of combined tannery and municipal wastes using converted facilities at the City's abandoned primary treatment plant. Both alternatives would have utilized the County aerated lagoons and land application facilities for final treatment. Williams & Works was retained in late summer 1975 to help finalize a course of action. After evaluating several alternatives in detail with WLC, the City and County, it was concluded that combined pretreatment at the County treatment site was most cost-effective and would provide centralized pretreatment processes that could benefit other customers of the Muskegon County System. Final design was completed in the fall of 1975 and the facilities were started up in November 1976. WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS Figure 1 is a process schematic of current tanning operations at WLC. Raw, brined hides are washed and soaked in large vats, fleshed and put into large mixing drums for dehairing, bate and pickling, and chrome tanning. Prior to 1976, the company used the "hair save" process in the beamhouse using liming, hair pull and hair wash operations. The company converted to the "hair burn" process which decreased total wastewater volume but increased suspended solids and waste sulfides substantially. Hair burn liquor is pumped to storage and decant tanks where the solid material settles. WLC intends to recycle the decanted liquor. Tanning liquor is also pumped to a storage and decant tank for clarification and liquor reuse. This has reduced waste chromium levels to 12 to 60 mg/1 in the plant effluent. The hides are then wrung, sorted, graded, cut into sides and split before dyeing, setting out, pasting and drying. Pasting frame washwater is recycled. Split sides are shipped to other plants for further processing and finishing. 368
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197936 |
Title | Joint wastewater treatment : City of Whitehall and Whitehall Leather Company |
Author |
Balden, A. R. Bossert, E. F. Malhotra, S. K. (Sudarshan K.) |
Date of Original | 1979 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 34th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,30453 |
Extent of Original | p. 368-374 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University LIbraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-24 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page0368 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | JOINT WASTEWATER TREATMENT CITY OF WHITEHALL AND WHITEHALL LEATHER COMPANY A. R. Balden, Industrial Waste Consultant E. F. Bossert, Director, Industrial Services S. K. Malhotra, Vice President, Research Williams & Works, Inc. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506 INTRODUCTION This paper describes how a tannery was able to successfully treat its wastes, in combination with municipal wastes, at an existing publicly owned wastewater treatment facility. The project is a good example of how cooperation between private industry and local government can achieve definitive results. Whitehall Leather Company (WLC), a division of the Genesco Corp., Nashville, Tennessee, is located in the City of Whitehall, Michigan. The company tans approximately 1500 cattle hides per day and has been in business since 1866. The City of Whitehall is located in Muskegon County and is part of a popular recreation and resort area in West Central Michigan. Up until the early 1970s, WLC treated all of its wastes in facultative settling ponds on its property with effluent discharge to White Lake. Higher treatment standards were established and the company initiated steps to provide alternate treatment. Several consultants were retained by WLC to analyze the company's waste streams and evaluate several different treatment systems. During this same time period, Muskegon County was completing final plans to replace the City of Whitehall's primary treatment plant with a regional land application facility east of the City. This 5290-m3/day (1.4-mgd) facility was completed in 1973 as part of the award-winning Muskegon County Land Application System which includes a 162,500- m3/day (43-mgd) facility to serve the Muskegon Metropolitan Area. Two treatment alternatives were proposed by other consultants to WLC: a) pretreatment on company property; and b) pretreatment of combined tannery and municipal wastes using converted facilities at the City's abandoned primary treatment plant. Both alternatives would have utilized the County aerated lagoons and land application facilities for final treatment. Williams & Works was retained in late summer 1975 to help finalize a course of action. After evaluating several alternatives in detail with WLC, the City and County, it was concluded that combined pretreatment at the County treatment site was most cost-effective and would provide centralized pretreatment processes that could benefit other customers of the Muskegon County System. Final design was completed in the fall of 1975 and the facilities were started up in November 1976. WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS Figure 1 is a process schematic of current tanning operations at WLC. Raw, brined hides are washed and soaked in large vats, fleshed and put into large mixing drums for dehairing, bate and pickling, and chrome tanning. Prior to 1976, the company used the "hair save" process in the beamhouse using liming, hair pull and hair wash operations. The company converted to the "hair burn" process which decreased total wastewater volume but increased suspended solids and waste sulfides substantially. Hair burn liquor is pumped to storage and decant tanks where the solid material settles. WLC intends to recycle the decanted liquor. Tanning liquor is also pumped to a storage and decant tank for clarification and liquor reuse. This has reduced waste chromium levels to 12 to 60 mg/1 in the plant effluent. The hides are then wrung, sorted, graded, cut into sides and split before dyeing, setting out, pasting and drying. Pasting frame washwater is recycled. Split sides are shipped to other plants for further processing and finishing. 368 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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