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APPLICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS PART II: ANIONIC SURFACTANTS Lawrence K. Wang, Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Shinn-Fwu Kao, Graduate Student Mu Hao Wang, Associate Professor Jao-Fuan Kao, Professor and Chairman Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan, China Andrea L. Loshin, Graduate Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Renssealer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12181 INTRODUCTION Application of Anionic Surfactants A surface active agent, or surfactant, is an organic molecule which contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups (the latter usually a very long carbon skeleton). The hydrophobic end of the surfactants can combine with greasy dirt and fats. These molecules lower the surface tension [ 1 ] of the water, and the surfactant can pull the dirt away from the body, leaving it clean, and will collect at the surface or interface of the liquid and air. This dual nature of the molecule enables the surfactant to be an excellent cleansing agent. There are three kinds of surfactants, as follows: non-ionic, cationic, and anionic. Non-ionic types are primarily used as detergents. Cationic surfactants are useful in fabric softening, corrosion inhibition, emulsion compounding, and disinfection [2]. Anionic surfactants are mainly used as wetting agents, emulsifiers and detergents. Cationic surfactants have positively charged organic ions when dissociated in water. Anionic surfactants, on the other hand, have negatively charged ions. Anionic surfactants can further be divided into two categories—soapy and non-soapy. Soapy surfactants are the salts of naturally occurring fatty acids. Non-soapy surfactants include synthetic surfactants composed of long-chained hydrocarbons which have been sulphonated or sulfated. There are many varieties of non-soapy surfactants since they can contain many types of functional groups—aromatics, esters, amides or any combination of the above. Anionic soapy surfactants, such as carboxylate soaps, are extensively used in household washing, and in the mining industry as promoters for the separation of minerals by flotation. 918
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC1978097 |
Title | Application and determination of surface-active agents. Part II, Anionic surfactants |
Author |
Wang, Lawrence K. Kao, Shinn-Fwu Wang, Mu Hao Sung, 1942- Kao, Jao-Fuan Loshin, Andrea L. |
Date of Original | 1978 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 33rd Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,27312 |
Extent of Original | p. 918-934 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University LIbraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-22 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page0918 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | APPLICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS PART II: ANIONIC SURFACTANTS Lawrence K. Wang, Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Shinn-Fwu Kao, Graduate Student Mu Hao Wang, Associate Professor Jao-Fuan Kao, Professor and Chairman Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan, China Andrea L. Loshin, Graduate Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Renssealer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12181 INTRODUCTION Application of Anionic Surfactants A surface active agent, or surfactant, is an organic molecule which contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups (the latter usually a very long carbon skeleton). The hydrophobic end of the surfactants can combine with greasy dirt and fats. These molecules lower the surface tension [ 1 ] of the water, and the surfactant can pull the dirt away from the body, leaving it clean, and will collect at the surface or interface of the liquid and air. This dual nature of the molecule enables the surfactant to be an excellent cleansing agent. There are three kinds of surfactants, as follows: non-ionic, cationic, and anionic. Non-ionic types are primarily used as detergents. Cationic surfactants are useful in fabric softening, corrosion inhibition, emulsion compounding, and disinfection [2]. Anionic surfactants are mainly used as wetting agents, emulsifiers and detergents. Cationic surfactants have positively charged organic ions when dissociated in water. Anionic surfactants, on the other hand, have negatively charged ions. Anionic surfactants can further be divided into two categories—soapy and non-soapy. Soapy surfactants are the salts of naturally occurring fatty acids. Non-soapy surfactants include synthetic surfactants composed of long-chained hydrocarbons which have been sulphonated or sulfated. There are many varieties of non-soapy surfactants since they can contain many types of functional groups—aromatics, esters, amides or any combination of the above. Anionic soapy surfactants, such as carboxylate soaps, are extensively used in household washing, and in the mining industry as promoters for the separation of minerals by flotation. 918 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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