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MEMBRANE ULTRAFILTRATION OF NITROTOLUENES FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTES Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Research Associate Kenneth A. Garrison, Research Assistant Robert B. Grieves, Chairman Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 INTRODUCTION Membrane ultrafiltration with noncellulosic membranes is a promising technique for the removal of various organic compounds present in aqueous solution, particularly for waste treatment systems designed for in-plant water reuse. Ultrafiltration is generally carried out at low pressures of 105 to 10 6 N/m2 and offers an attractive alternative in many processing areas. The process has been used successfully as an effective technique for the treatment of a large number of industrial wastes. Porter and Nelson [ 1 ] have reviewed applications of ultrafiltration in the chemical, food processing and pharmaceutical industries. The water reuse applications involving ultrafiltration include electrodeposition primers [2], oil-water separation in metal cutting operations [3], color removal from Kraft mill effluents [4] and laundry wastes [5]. The use of ultrafiltration for the separation of low-molecular-weight ionic solutes with charged membranes [6,7], modest- molecular-weight (size) organic solutes [8,9], complex suspensions of a nonionic surfactant, inorganics and particulates [5], and organic macromolecules and colloids [1], has been reported in the literature. The solute-rejection characteristics of a membrane depend on the relative diffusivities and structures of the species of significance, on the ionic nature of the membrane, and on the pore size distribution and frictional interaction between solute and pore wall in the thin, anisotropic membrane skin. In addition to selecting a membrane with the proper intrinsic rejection characteristics, the well-known phenomenon of concentration polarization must be minimized to prevent water flux limitations. The accumulation of solute(s) on the membrane surface (concentration polarization) is caused by the rapid convection to the surface of rejected solutes resulting from the high-flux nature of ultrafiltration membranes. Excellent discussions and mathematical formulations of the ultrafiltration process, including considerable detail on concentration polarization, have been presented by Michaels et al. [ 10], Porter [11] and Kozinski and Lightfoot [ 12]. The treatment of TNT manufacturing wastes by membrane processes for the purpose of water reuse is a very promising application. There are three kinds of wastewaters generated during TNT manufacture. Highly acidic "red water" is the waste produced during the selite (sodium sulfite) treatment; "pink water" is formed when partially purified TNT is washed following the selite treatment; and "wash water" is produced during the TNT finishing process involving drying, flaking and packaging. The compounds o-TNT, dinitro- toluenes and other trace nitrotoluenes are the organic constituents of the wastewaters. No entirely successful treatment method for these wastes has been found. Nay et al. [13] have studied the possibility of neutralization and biological treatment, while Rosenblatt [14] and Spano et al. [15] have attempted the removal of nitrotoluenes by carbon adsorption. Carbon adsorption techniques suffer the disadvantage of the difficulty of carbon regeneration by chemical means [15,16] and the hazard of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the removal of nitrobodies from "pink water" is experimentally investigated by continuous, thin-channel ultrafiltration of actual (obtained from the Radford Army Ammunition Plant) and synthetic wastes. The objectives of this investigation are to select an optimum membrane in terms of high organics (nitrotoluenes) rejection and adequate water flux, to establish operating conditions to minimize concentration 139
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197614 |
Title | Membrane ultrafiltration of nitrotoluenes from industrial wastes |
Author |
Bhattacharyya, Dibakar Garrison, K. A. (Kenneth A.) Grieves, R. B., 1935- |
Date of Original | 1976 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 31st Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,27048 |
Extent of Original | p. 139-149 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-07 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 139 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | MEMBRANE ULTRAFILTRATION OF NITROTOLUENES FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTES Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Research Associate Kenneth A. Garrison, Research Assistant Robert B. Grieves, Chairman Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 INTRODUCTION Membrane ultrafiltration with noncellulosic membranes is a promising technique for the removal of various organic compounds present in aqueous solution, particularly for waste treatment systems designed for in-plant water reuse. Ultrafiltration is generally carried out at low pressures of 105 to 10 6 N/m2 and offers an attractive alternative in many processing areas. The process has been used successfully as an effective technique for the treatment of a large number of industrial wastes. Porter and Nelson [ 1 ] have reviewed applications of ultrafiltration in the chemical, food processing and pharmaceutical industries. The water reuse applications involving ultrafiltration include electrodeposition primers [2], oil-water separation in metal cutting operations [3], color removal from Kraft mill effluents [4] and laundry wastes [5]. The use of ultrafiltration for the separation of low-molecular-weight ionic solutes with charged membranes [6,7], modest- molecular-weight (size) organic solutes [8,9], complex suspensions of a nonionic surfactant, inorganics and particulates [5], and organic macromolecules and colloids [1], has been reported in the literature. The solute-rejection characteristics of a membrane depend on the relative diffusivities and structures of the species of significance, on the ionic nature of the membrane, and on the pore size distribution and frictional interaction between solute and pore wall in the thin, anisotropic membrane skin. In addition to selecting a membrane with the proper intrinsic rejection characteristics, the well-known phenomenon of concentration polarization must be minimized to prevent water flux limitations. The accumulation of solute(s) on the membrane surface (concentration polarization) is caused by the rapid convection to the surface of rejected solutes resulting from the high-flux nature of ultrafiltration membranes. Excellent discussions and mathematical formulations of the ultrafiltration process, including considerable detail on concentration polarization, have been presented by Michaels et al. [ 10], Porter [11] and Kozinski and Lightfoot [ 12]. The treatment of TNT manufacturing wastes by membrane processes for the purpose of water reuse is a very promising application. There are three kinds of wastewaters generated during TNT manufacture. Highly acidic "red water" is the waste produced during the selite (sodium sulfite) treatment; "pink water" is formed when partially purified TNT is washed following the selite treatment; and "wash water" is produced during the TNT finishing process involving drying, flaking and packaging. The compounds o-TNT, dinitro- toluenes and other trace nitrotoluenes are the organic constituents of the wastewaters. No entirely successful treatment method for these wastes has been found. Nay et al. [13] have studied the possibility of neutralization and biological treatment, while Rosenblatt [14] and Spano et al. [15] have attempted the removal of nitrotoluenes by carbon adsorption. Carbon adsorption techniques suffer the disadvantage of the difficulty of carbon regeneration by chemical means [15,16] and the hazard of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the removal of nitrobodies from "pink water" is experimentally investigated by continuous, thin-channel ultrafiltration of actual (obtained from the Radford Army Ammunition Plant) and synthetic wastes. The objectives of this investigation are to select an optimum membrane in terms of high organics (nitrotoluenes) rejection and adequate water flux, to establish operating conditions to minimize concentration 139 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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