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APPLICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS PARTI: CATIONIC SURFACTANTS Lawrence K. Wang, Associate Professor Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Robert G. Ross, Environmental Engineer U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 Mu Hao Wang, Associate Professor Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan, China INTRODUCTION Application of Cationic Surfactants The most common cationic surfactants being used in the industry are quaternary ammonium compounds. They are being used as sanitizers in kitchens to a considerable extent. The quaternary ammonium compounds containing iodine and bromine have been found effective for bactericidal treatment [1-6]. More recently, a quaternary ammonium compound containing chloride (i.e., cetyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride) has also been demonstrated to be an excellent disinfectant [7-10]. Mallmann reported [11] that they should be used in the hand washing of utensils and all washing of bottles and glasses because they are also excellent detergents. Quaternary ammonium compounds are not widely used as household detergents due to their higher cost compared with that of common anionic detergents such as linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS) and alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS). Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds are also frequently used as flotation agents [12-25], primary coagulants and/or coagulant aids [26-28], softening agents, dyeing aids, metal cleaners, corrosion inhibitors [2] and algicides. Odorous effluents from industrial processes and odors produced by the biodegradation of organic wastes are frequent sources of pollution complaints. Research by Schwartz [29] has shown that quaternary ammonium salts seem to be doubly effective in controlling these malodors. The cationic surfactants react directly with the molecules of odorants, and kill the microorganisms that might cause future odors. Determination of Cationic Surfactants For environmental engineering process control, the concentration of a cationic surfactant to be used should be known, and any changes in concentration of such surfactant in each unit process should be adequately monitored. For the quality controls of drinking water, plant effluents, irrigation waters and natural surface and ground waters, analysis of cationic surfactant concentration in the water is also extremely important. Unfortunately, the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater [30] and the Environmental Protection Agency's laboratory manual [31] only provide the methods for analyzing anionic surfactants, such as LAS and ABS, in natural and treated waters. These is no standard method for measuring cationic surfactants so far. Nevertheless many laboratory techniques have been developed. A critical review of some available techniques for the 165
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC1977018 |
Title | Application and determination of surface-active agents. Part I, cationic surfactants |
Author |
Wang, Lawrence K. Ross, Robert G. Wang, Mu Hao Sung, 1942- |
Date of Original | 1977 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 32nd Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,26931 |
Extent of Original | p. 165-176 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-30 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page165 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | APPLICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS PARTI: CATIONIC SURFACTANTS Lawrence K. Wang, Associate Professor Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Robert G. Ross, Environmental Engineer U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 Mu Hao Wang, Associate Professor Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan, China INTRODUCTION Application of Cationic Surfactants The most common cationic surfactants being used in the industry are quaternary ammonium compounds. They are being used as sanitizers in kitchens to a considerable extent. The quaternary ammonium compounds containing iodine and bromine have been found effective for bactericidal treatment [1-6]. More recently, a quaternary ammonium compound containing chloride (i.e., cetyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride) has also been demonstrated to be an excellent disinfectant [7-10]. Mallmann reported [11] that they should be used in the hand washing of utensils and all washing of bottles and glasses because they are also excellent detergents. Quaternary ammonium compounds are not widely used as household detergents due to their higher cost compared with that of common anionic detergents such as linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS) and alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS). Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds are also frequently used as flotation agents [12-25], primary coagulants and/or coagulant aids [26-28], softening agents, dyeing aids, metal cleaners, corrosion inhibitors [2] and algicides. Odorous effluents from industrial processes and odors produced by the biodegradation of organic wastes are frequent sources of pollution complaints. Research by Schwartz [29] has shown that quaternary ammonium salts seem to be doubly effective in controlling these malodors. The cationic surfactants react directly with the molecules of odorants, and kill the microorganisms that might cause future odors. Determination of Cationic Surfactants For environmental engineering process control, the concentration of a cationic surfactant to be used should be known, and any changes in concentration of such surfactant in each unit process should be adequately monitored. For the quality controls of drinking water, plant effluents, irrigation waters and natural surface and ground waters, analysis of cationic surfactant concentration in the water is also extremely important. Unfortunately, the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater [30] and the Environmental Protection Agency's laboratory manual [31] only provide the methods for analyzing anionic surfactants, such as LAS and ABS, in natural and treated waters. These is no standard method for measuring cationic surfactants so far. Nevertheless many laboratory techniques have been developed. A critical review of some available techniques for the 165 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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