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ORGANIC ASSIMILATION CAPACITIES OF LAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS RECEIVING VEGETABLE PROCESSING WASTEWATERS William J. Jewell, Associate Professor Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 INTRODUCTION The land application of wastewaters has been a common practice for many years in the fruit and vegetable processing industry. This industry was the first to take advantage of this inexpensive and relatively simple treatment alternative. The recent emphasis to attempt to eliminate all pollutant discharges by the use of land application has raised questions about the fate of pollutants in soil treatment systems. In reviewing the older land treatment systems in the food processing industry it can be observed that many systems were designed and implemented without knowledge of the capacity of the soils to assimilate the pollutants. Monitoring was used in a few cases to determine the fate of the pollutants once the system had been installed. The most common criteria for judging "successful" operation of a system was based on whether the wastewater would disappear without odor formation. Today state and federal pollution control agencies have developed approaches which require that the ultimate fate of the pollutants be known and that any significant quantities that are passed into the air, land or water be identified and reported. The lack of comprehensive data on the many land treatment systems of food processing wastewaters and the absence of techniques to predict the fate of many pollutants in these systems has created problems for the food processor and for pollution control programs. From the processors' viewpoint much evidence is available to demonstrate that land application is useful and has caused few obvious problems. Without large-scale monitoring data or fundamental predictive capability this argument does not provide evidence required to indicate the potential impact of these systems on environmental quality. The control agencies are concerned that pollutants placed in soil systems can accumulate and cause serious unpredictable problems. For example, if organics reach the ground water the lack of oxygen and the lowered temperatures prevent both significant aerobic and anaerobic organic removal mechanisms from operating. Thus small quantities of organics potentially could degrade large volumes of the ground water for long time periods. A growing number of treatment guidelines are presently responding to this situation by either requiring that the bulk of pollutants (mainly organics) be removed prior to land application of wastewaters and/or that the water that reaches the ground water must be of drinking water quality. For a medium-size food processor presently using land application of wastewaters, implementation of secondary treatment could increase pollution control costs $500 per day [this is equivalent to an increased treatment cost of $0.50 per 1000 gal treated (1)1. This study was conducted to determine the assimilation capacities of food processing wastewaters in soil systems and to relate this capacity to the need for organic removal processes prior to land application of these wastewaters. OBJECTIVES This paper contains a summary of information developed in an on-going study of the fundamentals which define the capacity of soil systems to assimilate wastes. The emphasis of this study is the assimilation of vegetable processing wastewaters. The specific objectives of this paper are to: 1. review, briefly, the food processing industry and its relation to land application of wastewaters; 352
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197632 |
Title | Organic assimilation capacities of land treatment systems receiving vegetable processing wastewaters |
Author | Jewell, William J. |
Date of Original | 1976 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 31st Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,27048 |
Extent of Original | p. 352-366 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-07 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 352 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | ORGANIC ASSIMILATION CAPACITIES OF LAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS RECEIVING VEGETABLE PROCESSING WASTEWATERS William J. Jewell, Associate Professor Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 INTRODUCTION The land application of wastewaters has been a common practice for many years in the fruit and vegetable processing industry. This industry was the first to take advantage of this inexpensive and relatively simple treatment alternative. The recent emphasis to attempt to eliminate all pollutant discharges by the use of land application has raised questions about the fate of pollutants in soil treatment systems. In reviewing the older land treatment systems in the food processing industry it can be observed that many systems were designed and implemented without knowledge of the capacity of the soils to assimilate the pollutants. Monitoring was used in a few cases to determine the fate of the pollutants once the system had been installed. The most common criteria for judging "successful" operation of a system was based on whether the wastewater would disappear without odor formation. Today state and federal pollution control agencies have developed approaches which require that the ultimate fate of the pollutants be known and that any significant quantities that are passed into the air, land or water be identified and reported. The lack of comprehensive data on the many land treatment systems of food processing wastewaters and the absence of techniques to predict the fate of many pollutants in these systems has created problems for the food processor and for pollution control programs. From the processors' viewpoint much evidence is available to demonstrate that land application is useful and has caused few obvious problems. Without large-scale monitoring data or fundamental predictive capability this argument does not provide evidence required to indicate the potential impact of these systems on environmental quality. The control agencies are concerned that pollutants placed in soil systems can accumulate and cause serious unpredictable problems. For example, if organics reach the ground water the lack of oxygen and the lowered temperatures prevent both significant aerobic and anaerobic organic removal mechanisms from operating. Thus small quantities of organics potentially could degrade large volumes of the ground water for long time periods. A growing number of treatment guidelines are presently responding to this situation by either requiring that the bulk of pollutants (mainly organics) be removed prior to land application of wastewaters and/or that the water that reaches the ground water must be of drinking water quality. For a medium-size food processor presently using land application of wastewaters, implementation of secondary treatment could increase pollution control costs $500 per day [this is equivalent to an increased treatment cost of $0.50 per 1000 gal treated (1)1. This study was conducted to determine the assimilation capacities of food processing wastewaters in soil systems and to relate this capacity to the need for organic removal processes prior to land application of these wastewaters. OBJECTIVES This paper contains a summary of information developed in an on-going study of the fundamentals which define the capacity of soil systems to assimilate wastes. The emphasis of this study is the assimilation of vegetable processing wastewaters. The specific objectives of this paper are to: 1. review, briefly, the food processing industry and its relation to land application of wastewaters; 352 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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