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Soybean Processing — Oil Refining Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment DEWEY R. ANDERSEN, Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska RONALD E. BENSON, Chief Water Pollution Division Department of Environmental Control State of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska JAMES A. LOFTON, Sanitary Engineer City of Omaha Omaha, Nebraska THOMAS T. SATCHELL, Engineer Hennington, Durham, and Richardson, Inc. Omaha, Nebraska INTRODUCTION Soybeans are believed to have originated in China where written records on soybean production date back to 2800 B.C. They were not grown in the United States until 1804, however, and the first recorded milling of soybeans for oil in the United States occurred in North Carolina in 1915 (1). Because of their varied uses, high nutrient value and adaptability to modern farming techniques, soybeans now constitute one of the major agricultural crops in the United States. Soybean processing involves extracting oil from the beans, milling the spent bean flakes and refining the oil. In this paper, the characteristics and treatability of the process wastewaters are discussed. Data presented were obtained from a study of a 60,000 bushel per day plant which is located in Lincoln, Nebraska and is operated by Archer-Daniels- Midland Company (ADM), Inc. Daily oil production in the plant is 600,000 to 700,000 pounds. Except for occasional maintenance and repair necessitating plant shut down, the plant operates on a continuous basis, as is typical for this industry. After pretreatment, process wastewater is discharged into the municipal sewerage system and is treated in an aerated-aerobic waste stabilization lagoon system serving northeast Lincoln. The study involved laboratory analyses to determine the characteristics of the wastewater, a laboratory evaluation of the aerobic treatability of the wastes and a field study of the lagoon system. The sections of this study are presented in this order. SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESS WASTEWATERS The first step in processing soybeans involves cleaning, cracking and removing the soybean hulls, steaming the bean meats to provide a uniform moisture content and rolling the meats into flakes to facilitate the extraction of oil. Since this preparation step involves only dry processes, no liquid wastes are produced if dry cleaning of dust, etc. is provided. Next a solvent (hexane) is used to extract the oil from the flakes in an extractor unit. Spent flakes pass through a desolventizer toaster, where the retained solvent is stripped from the flakes with steam, prior to being ground and blended with hulls for soybean meal or other desired products. Solvent from the extractor unit, which contains approximately 25 percent oil and is called miscella, is directed to evaporators where the crude oil is 38
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197303 |
Title | Soybean processing, oil refining wastewater : characteristics and treatment |
Author |
Andersen, Dewey R. Benson, Ronald E. Lofton, James A. Satchell, Thomas T. |
Date of Original | 1973 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 28th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,23197 |
Extent of Original | p. 38-51 |
Series | Engineering extension series no. 142 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-02 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 38 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Soybean Processing — Oil Refining Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment DEWEY R. ANDERSEN, Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska RONALD E. BENSON, Chief Water Pollution Division Department of Environmental Control State of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska JAMES A. LOFTON, Sanitary Engineer City of Omaha Omaha, Nebraska THOMAS T. SATCHELL, Engineer Hennington, Durham, and Richardson, Inc. Omaha, Nebraska INTRODUCTION Soybeans are believed to have originated in China where written records on soybean production date back to 2800 B.C. They were not grown in the United States until 1804, however, and the first recorded milling of soybeans for oil in the United States occurred in North Carolina in 1915 (1). Because of their varied uses, high nutrient value and adaptability to modern farming techniques, soybeans now constitute one of the major agricultural crops in the United States. Soybean processing involves extracting oil from the beans, milling the spent bean flakes and refining the oil. In this paper, the characteristics and treatability of the process wastewaters are discussed. Data presented were obtained from a study of a 60,000 bushel per day plant which is located in Lincoln, Nebraska and is operated by Archer-Daniels- Midland Company (ADM), Inc. Daily oil production in the plant is 600,000 to 700,000 pounds. Except for occasional maintenance and repair necessitating plant shut down, the plant operates on a continuous basis, as is typical for this industry. After pretreatment, process wastewater is discharged into the municipal sewerage system and is treated in an aerated-aerobic waste stabilization lagoon system serving northeast Lincoln. The study involved laboratory analyses to determine the characteristics of the wastewater, a laboratory evaluation of the aerobic treatability of the wastes and a field study of the lagoon system. The sections of this study are presented in this order. SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESS WASTEWATERS The first step in processing soybeans involves cleaning, cracking and removing the soybean hulls, steaming the bean meats to provide a uniform moisture content and rolling the meats into flakes to facilitate the extraction of oil. Since this preparation step involves only dry processes, no liquid wastes are produced if dry cleaning of dust, etc. is provided. Next a solvent (hexane) is used to extract the oil from the flakes in an extractor unit. Spent flakes pass through a desolventizer toaster, where the retained solvent is stripped from the flakes with steam, prior to being ground and blended with hulls for soybean meal or other desired products. Solvent from the extractor unit, which contains approximately 25 percent oil and is called miscella, is directed to evaporators where the crude oil is 38 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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