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76 IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND MIXED WASTES AT A NUCLEAR POWER GENERATING STATION: A CASE HISTORY Freeman C. Cook, Jr., Radiation Consultant Scientific Ecology Group, Inc. Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Greg Taylor, Environmental Supervisor Iowa Electric Light and Power Company Duane Arnold Energy Center Palo, Iowa 52324 INTRODUCTION In 1992, Iowa Electric Light and Power Company developed and implemented a mixed waste management plan at the Duane Arnold Energy Center (DAEC), a 565 megawatt nuclear power generating station located in Palo, Iowa. The goal of the DAEC mixed waste program is to ensure that any mixed hazardous/radioactive waste generated at the DAEC facility will be managed (a) in an environmentally responsible manner, (b) in accordance with ALARA principles, and (c) in compliance with applicable environmental control regulations. This paper presents an overview of the DAEC's- mixed waste management program and other pertinent information on mixed waste issues. REGULATORY OVERVIEW Mixed wastes are wastes that contain both a hazardous waste component regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and a radioactive component consisting of source, special nuclear, or byproduct material regulated under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA). The dual regulatory framework for mixed wastes stems from the RCRA definition of solid waste. Hazardous waste is defined as a subset of solid waste. RCRA specifically excludes from the definition of solid waste "source, special nuclear, or byproduct material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended" [RCRA Section 1004 (27)]. These radioactive materials are regulated by the NRC and include the following waste classes: transuranic waste, high-level waste, low-level waste, and spent nuclear fuel. Any class of radioactive waste that contains a hazardous waste as defined under Subtitle C of RCRA is considered a mixed waste. The radioactive component of the mixed waste generated at the DAEC is low-level. The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA, 1984) significantly expanded the scope of RCRA as it relates to hazardous waste. The expanded requirements that are particularly relevant to mixed waste management include land disposal restrictions (LDR), minimum technology requirements, and corrective action requirements. HSWA requires EPA to evaluate all listed and characteristic hazardous waste to determine which wastes should be restricted from land disposal. LDR wastes are prohibited from land disposal (landfilling) unless the wastes are treated to meet a specified concentration level or technology requirement. In addition to prohibiting the land disposal of hazardous waste without proper treatment, LDR requirements (40 CFR Part 268) prohibit the storage of restricted wastes unless the storage is for the sole purpose of accumulating sufficient quantities of LDR wastes for recovery, treatment, or disposal. Since limited commercial treatment or disposal capacity currently exists for mixed LDR wastes, DAEC is required to store these mixed wastes on-site until disposal arrangements can be made or additional capacity becomes available. Storage of hazardous or mixed waste for longer than the 90- day accumulation period allowed under 40 CFR 262.34 requires a RCRA Part B permit or interim status. At DAEC, a secure area inside the protected area of the plant has been designated as the on- site container storage area for accumulating mixed wastes. Pursuant to EPA's "Clarification of Interim Status Qualification Requirements for the Hazardous Components of Radioactive Mixed 48th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1993 Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 757
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC199376 |
Title | Improved management of hazardous and mixed wastes at a nuclear power generating station: a case history |
Author |
Cook, Freeman C. Taylor, Greg |
Date of Original | 1993 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 48th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,21159 |
Extent of Original | p. 757-762 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-11-10 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 757 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 76 IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND MIXED WASTES AT A NUCLEAR POWER GENERATING STATION: A CASE HISTORY Freeman C. Cook, Jr., Radiation Consultant Scientific Ecology Group, Inc. Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Greg Taylor, Environmental Supervisor Iowa Electric Light and Power Company Duane Arnold Energy Center Palo, Iowa 52324 INTRODUCTION In 1992, Iowa Electric Light and Power Company developed and implemented a mixed waste management plan at the Duane Arnold Energy Center (DAEC), a 565 megawatt nuclear power generating station located in Palo, Iowa. The goal of the DAEC mixed waste program is to ensure that any mixed hazardous/radioactive waste generated at the DAEC facility will be managed (a) in an environmentally responsible manner, (b) in accordance with ALARA principles, and (c) in compliance with applicable environmental control regulations. This paper presents an overview of the DAEC's- mixed waste management program and other pertinent information on mixed waste issues. REGULATORY OVERVIEW Mixed wastes are wastes that contain both a hazardous waste component regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and a radioactive component consisting of source, special nuclear, or byproduct material regulated under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA). The dual regulatory framework for mixed wastes stems from the RCRA definition of solid waste. Hazardous waste is defined as a subset of solid waste. RCRA specifically excludes from the definition of solid waste "source, special nuclear, or byproduct material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended" [RCRA Section 1004 (27)]. These radioactive materials are regulated by the NRC and include the following waste classes: transuranic waste, high-level waste, low-level waste, and spent nuclear fuel. Any class of radioactive waste that contains a hazardous waste as defined under Subtitle C of RCRA is considered a mixed waste. The radioactive component of the mixed waste generated at the DAEC is low-level. The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA, 1984) significantly expanded the scope of RCRA as it relates to hazardous waste. The expanded requirements that are particularly relevant to mixed waste management include land disposal restrictions (LDR), minimum technology requirements, and corrective action requirements. HSWA requires EPA to evaluate all listed and characteristic hazardous waste to determine which wastes should be restricted from land disposal. LDR wastes are prohibited from land disposal (landfilling) unless the wastes are treated to meet a specified concentration level or technology requirement. In addition to prohibiting the land disposal of hazardous waste without proper treatment, LDR requirements (40 CFR Part 268) prohibit the storage of restricted wastes unless the storage is for the sole purpose of accumulating sufficient quantities of LDR wastes for recovery, treatment, or disposal. Since limited commercial treatment or disposal capacity currently exists for mixed LDR wastes, DAEC is required to store these mixed wastes on-site until disposal arrangements can be made or additional capacity becomes available. Storage of hazardous or mixed waste for longer than the 90- day accumulation period allowed under 40 CFR 262.34 requires a RCRA Part B permit or interim status. At DAEC, a secure area inside the protected area of the plant has been designated as the on- site container storage area for accumulating mixed wastes. Pursuant to EPA's "Clarification of Interim Status Qualification Requirements for the Hazardous Components of Radioactive Mixed 48th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1993 Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 757 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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