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Biological Responses Following Nutrient Additions to a Small Pond DONALD L. BROCKWAY, Biologist PAT C. KERR, Biologist DORIS F. PARIS, Chemist JOHN T. BARNETT, Biological Aide Environmental Protection Agency Southwest Water Laboratory Athens, Georgia INTRODUCTION Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential nutrients are required for the growth of all organisms, so there must be competition among the species of mixed populations for these nutrients (1,2,3,4,5). Because of this competition, nutrient regulation is very complex and can be understood only by ascertaining which population is most directly affected by nutrient availability—the population that requires the most nutrient in the most constant supply. In general, smaller organisms have faster metabolic rates, shorter cell cycles, and greater nutrient requirements. Therefore, our working hypothesis is that the heterotrophic bacteria will be the population most directly affected by addition of nutrients to waters. Bacteria are generally considered to comprise an insignificant amount of the plankton standing crop; when only instantaneous crop rather than total production measurements are considered, this assumption is probably correct. Data cited in Kuznetsov (6) showed that in some Russian reservoirs the annual production of bacterial biomass was significantly higher than that of phytoplankton biomass. Odum (7) indicated that the bacterial biomass estimated at Silver Springs was much smaller than that of the combined micro- and macrophytes, but he emphasized the very large role the bacteria play in energy flow of the system. Phosphorus and nitrogen utilization by growing populations of bacteria has been documented for at least 35 years (1,4,5,8,9). Stimulation of bacterial growth by phosphorus has been reported (5,10); also regulation of bacterial growth by the availability of organic carbon has been demonstrated in both fresh and sea water (1,5,9). An increase in the availability of organic carbon then increased the nitrogen and phosphorus requirement so that nitrogen and/or phosphorus could regulate bacterial growth (1,5,8,9). Uptake and storage of phosphorus by algae have been demonstrated (5,11,12,13,14,15), but the absolute amount of phosphorus required to support algal growth is small. Values for phosphorus incorporation or utilization of 3 x 10"*, 7 x 10"8, and 10~7 /i g phosphorus/cell for three species of algae have been found by three authors, respectively (5,12,16). Growth of algae in the absence of an external source of phosphorus has also been well documented (5,11,12,13,14). 132
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197112 |
Title | Biological responses following nutrient additions to a small pond |
Author |
Brockway, Donald L. Kerr, Pat C. Paris, Doris F. Barnett, John T. |
Date of Original | 1971 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 26th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,19214 |
Extent of Original | p. 132-150 |
Series | Engineering extension series no. 140 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-25 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 132 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Biological Responses Following Nutrient Additions to a Small Pond DONALD L. BROCKWAY, Biologist PAT C. KERR, Biologist DORIS F. PARIS, Chemist JOHN T. BARNETT, Biological Aide Environmental Protection Agency Southwest Water Laboratory Athens, Georgia INTRODUCTION Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential nutrients are required for the growth of all organisms, so there must be competition among the species of mixed populations for these nutrients (1,2,3,4,5). Because of this competition, nutrient regulation is very complex and can be understood only by ascertaining which population is most directly affected by nutrient availability—the population that requires the most nutrient in the most constant supply. In general, smaller organisms have faster metabolic rates, shorter cell cycles, and greater nutrient requirements. Therefore, our working hypothesis is that the heterotrophic bacteria will be the population most directly affected by addition of nutrients to waters. Bacteria are generally considered to comprise an insignificant amount of the plankton standing crop; when only instantaneous crop rather than total production measurements are considered, this assumption is probably correct. Data cited in Kuznetsov (6) showed that in some Russian reservoirs the annual production of bacterial biomass was significantly higher than that of phytoplankton biomass. Odum (7) indicated that the bacterial biomass estimated at Silver Springs was much smaller than that of the combined micro- and macrophytes, but he emphasized the very large role the bacteria play in energy flow of the system. Phosphorus and nitrogen utilization by growing populations of bacteria has been documented for at least 35 years (1,4,5,8,9). Stimulation of bacterial growth by phosphorus has been reported (5,10); also regulation of bacterial growth by the availability of organic carbon has been demonstrated in both fresh and sea water (1,5,9). An increase in the availability of organic carbon then increased the nitrogen and phosphorus requirement so that nitrogen and/or phosphorus could regulate bacterial growth (1,5,8,9). Uptake and storage of phosphorus by algae have been demonstrated (5,11,12,13,14,15), but the absolute amount of phosphorus required to support algal growth is small. Values for phosphorus incorporation or utilization of 3 x 10"*, 7 x 10"8, and 10~7 /i g phosphorus/cell for three species of algae have been found by three authors, respectively (5,12,16). Growth of algae in the absence of an external source of phosphorus has also been well documented (5,11,12,13,14). 132 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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