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Continuous Breaking of Emulsions by
Coalescence on Supported Liquid Films
ROBERT E. SPARKS, Professor
Division of Chemical Engineering Science
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
I. D. STAFFORD, Chemical Engineer
Union Carbide Corporation
South Charleston, West Virginia
INTRODUCTION
The oil industry has long been concerned with emulsion breaking for product
recovery and control of stream pollution. As early as 1929 the American Petroleum
Institute formed the Committee on Refinery wastes to coordinate work on this
problem, and the institute has continued its search for new and better ways to
improve oil-water spearators (1).
The pollution of seas and harbors by oil from deballasting of ships is another
problem area. The problem is sufficiently serious to have been the subject of a study
by the United Nations (2) and an international agreement to limit oil content of
discharged water to 100 mg/1 (3). To reach this goal a more efficient shipboard oil
separator is needed (2).
Accidental spillage or leakage of oil is another major source of sea and harbor
pollution. An oil-water separator of high throughput and high efficiency would
be of value in helping to cope with such accidents.
Undesired emulsions are found in many major industries. The cost of separating such emulsions could be cut if an emulsion breaking system more efficient than
chemical or electrical methods were available. This paper concerns the development
of such a system.
PRESENT EMULSION BREAKING METHODS
Gravity settling is the technique in widest use. Refinery separators usually
follow the API recommendations of a settling bay designed to remove droplets larger
than 150 microns in diameter. This requires 1 to 3 hr retention at a velocity of 1.5
cm sec. An excellent summary of the history, performance and difficulties of these
separators is presented by Berridge and Mahon (4) and Atkinson and Freshwater (5).
However, in many cases, the removal of all drops larger than 150 microns does not
reduce the oil content of the water to a desired level.
A recent modification involves the use of stacks of steel plates, 1 to 5 in. apart,
placed at an angle to the flow (6,7,8,9,10). The oil drops need only rise a short
-745-
Object Description
| Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197080 |
| Title | Continuous breaking of emulsions by coalescence on supported liquid films |
| Author |
Sparks, Robert E. Stafford, I. D. |
| Date of Original | 1970 |
| Conference Title | Proceedings of the 25th Industrial Waste Conference |
| Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,18196 |
| Extent of Original | p. 745-756 |
| Series | Engineering extension series no. 137 |
| Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
| Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
| Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
| Language | eng |
| Type (DCMI) | text |
| Format | JP2 |
| Date Digitized | 2009-06-09 |
| Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
| Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
| Resolution | 300 ppi |
| Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
| Title | page745 |
| Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
| Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
| Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
| Language | eng |
| Type (DCMI) | text |
| Format | JP2 |
| Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
| Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
| Transcript | Continuous Breaking of Emulsions by Coalescence on Supported Liquid Films ROBERT E. SPARKS, Professor Division of Chemical Engineering Science Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio I. D. STAFFORD, Chemical Engineer Union Carbide Corporation South Charleston, West Virginia INTRODUCTION The oil industry has long been concerned with emulsion breaking for product recovery and control of stream pollution. As early as 1929 the American Petroleum Institute formed the Committee on Refinery wastes to coordinate work on this problem, and the institute has continued its search for new and better ways to improve oil-water spearators (1). The pollution of seas and harbors by oil from deballasting of ships is another problem area. The problem is sufficiently serious to have been the subject of a study by the United Nations (2) and an international agreement to limit oil content of discharged water to 100 mg/1 (3). To reach this goal a more efficient shipboard oil separator is needed (2). Accidental spillage or leakage of oil is another major source of sea and harbor pollution. An oil-water separator of high throughput and high efficiency would be of value in helping to cope with such accidents. Undesired emulsions are found in many major industries. The cost of separating such emulsions could be cut if an emulsion breaking system more efficient than chemical or electrical methods were available. This paper concerns the development of such a system. PRESENT EMULSION BREAKING METHODS Gravity settling is the technique in widest use. Refinery separators usually follow the API recommendations of a settling bay designed to remove droplets larger than 150 microns in diameter. This requires 1 to 3 hr retention at a velocity of 1.5 cm sec. An excellent summary of the history, performance and difficulties of these separators is presented by Berridge and Mahon (4) and Atkinson and Freshwater (5). However, in many cases, the removal of all drops larger than 150 microns does not reduce the oil content of the water to a desired level. A recent modification involves the use of stacks of steel plates, 1 to 5 in. apart, placed at an angle to the flow (6,7,8,9,10). The oil drops need only rise a short -745- |
| Resolution | 300 ppi |
| Color Depth | 8 bit |
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