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Effect of Acrylonitrile on Anaerobic
Digestion of Domestic Sludge
JOHN C. LANK, JR., Environmental Engineer
B.F. Goodrich Chemical Company
Cleveland, Ohio
ALFRED T. WALLACE, Associate Professor
Civil Engineering Department
University of Idaho
Moscow, Idaho
INTRODUCTION
Acrylonitrile is a basic monomer for the production of many synthetic fibers.
Orion and acrilon contain 85 per cent or more of acrylonitrile, and smaller amounts
are used in Saran F and Dynel (1). Acrylonitrile is used in the production of the
nitrile variety of synthetic rubber in smaller amounts in certain plastics and
leather-like products. It is a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of some
antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, dyes and surface active agents (2). Acrylonitrile is also
used as a fungicide in grain storage.
The importance of acrylonitrile to the economy is demonstrated by recent
production figures. The 1965 production reported by the U.S. Tariff Commission
was 777,622,000 pounds having a value of over $48 million (3). This compares with
140,599,000 pounds in 1956 (4).
BACKGROUND
Until the last few years, most of the plants producing or using acrylonitrile had
only primary or no waste treatment. Recently, national concern over environmental
pollution has caused many companies to turn to more extensive methods of waste
treatment.
A decision facing many companies is the desirability of building their own
treatment facilities as compared with discharging into an existing municipal system.
Municipal systems have been very hesitant to accept acrylonitrile waste because of
the uncertainty as to its effect on the biological processes.
ACRYLONITRILE
Acrylonitrile is highly toxic to aquatic life. Henderson, et al., (10) studied
acute and chronic toxicity of acrylonitrile to fish. He also studied the taste of fish
exposed to sublethal concentrations of acrylonitrile. For the acute toxicity studies,
he obtained 24, 48, and 96 hr mean tolerance levels (TLm), which are the concentrations of toxic material at which 50 per cent of the population survives, for fatheads,
bluegills and guppies. The results are summarized in Table I. It is important to note
the increasing toxicity with time of exposure. The increasing toxicity is even more
pronounced in the chronic toxicity test as is seen in Table II for fathead minnows in
-518-
Object Description
| Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197053 |
| Title | Effect of acrylonitrile on anaerobic digestion of domestic sludge |
| Author |
Lank, John C. Wallace, Alfred T., 1935- |
| Date of Original | 1970 |
| Conference Title | Proceedings of the 25th Industrial Waste Conference |
| Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,18196 |
| Extent of Original | p. 518-527 |
| Series | Engineering extension series no. 137 |
| Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
| Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
| Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
| Language | eng |
| Type (DCMI) | text |
| Format | JP2 |
| Date Digitized | 2009-06-09 |
| Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
| Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
| Resolution | 300 ppi |
| Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
| Title | page518 |
| Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
| Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
| Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
| Language | eng |
| Type (DCMI) | text |
| Format | JP2 |
| Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
| Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
| Transcript | Effect of Acrylonitrile on Anaerobic Digestion of Domestic Sludge JOHN C. LANK, JR., Environmental Engineer B.F. Goodrich Chemical Company Cleveland, Ohio ALFRED T. WALLACE, Associate Professor Civil Engineering Department University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho INTRODUCTION Acrylonitrile is a basic monomer for the production of many synthetic fibers. Orion and acrilon contain 85 per cent or more of acrylonitrile, and smaller amounts are used in Saran F and Dynel (1). Acrylonitrile is used in the production of the nitrile variety of synthetic rubber in smaller amounts in certain plastics and leather-like products. It is a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of some antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, dyes and surface active agents (2). Acrylonitrile is also used as a fungicide in grain storage. The importance of acrylonitrile to the economy is demonstrated by recent production figures. The 1965 production reported by the U.S. Tariff Commission was 777,622,000 pounds having a value of over $48 million (3). This compares with 140,599,000 pounds in 1956 (4). BACKGROUND Until the last few years, most of the plants producing or using acrylonitrile had only primary or no waste treatment. Recently, national concern over environmental pollution has caused many companies to turn to more extensive methods of waste treatment. A decision facing many companies is the desirability of building their own treatment facilities as compared with discharging into an existing municipal system. Municipal systems have been very hesitant to accept acrylonitrile waste because of the uncertainty as to its effect on the biological processes. ACRYLONITRILE Acrylonitrile is highly toxic to aquatic life. Henderson, et al., (10) studied acute and chronic toxicity of acrylonitrile to fish. He also studied the taste of fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of acrylonitrile. For the acute toxicity studies, he obtained 24, 48, and 96 hr mean tolerance levels (TLm), which are the concentrations of toxic material at which 50 per cent of the population survives, for fatheads, bluegills and guppies. The results are summarized in Table I. It is important to note the increasing toxicity with time of exposure. The increasing toxicity is even more pronounced in the chronic toxicity test as is seen in Table II for fathead minnows in -518- |
| Resolution | 300 ppi |
| Color Depth | 8 bit |
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