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The Disposal of Liquid and Solid Effluents from Oil Refineries MICHAEL BENGER British Petroleum Company, Ltd. London, England INTRODUCTION Public authorities in all parts of the world where oil refineries are installed or projected have become acutely aware of the danger of loss of amenity resulting from the presence of the refinery. Many countries have recently introduced new legislation to control discharges and all are continuously reviewing measures to make the controls more stringent. In a paper presented to an international conference it is not appropriate to describe the regulations imposed by any one country in detail; all are framed with the same intentions. This paper is largely confined to conditions as they exist in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. Required standards of liquid effluent quality naturally vary according to the locality and circumstances of the discharge and are usually decided by the appropriate local authority. It would evidently he unfair to expect a refinery discharging into an already dirty harbor or estuary to conform to the same standard as one discharging close to an established bathing beach or into an unpolluted river stocked with fish. The self-purifying character of the water should also normally be taken into account. A new refinery will be required to achieve higher standards than one that has been operating over a number of years, although the latter will be under continuous pressure for improvements. When a new refinery is being designed it is necessary to hold consultations at an early stage with the appropriate authorities to agree to the maximum tolerable limits of various possible contaminants. Disposal facilities for solid wastes, although a relatively minor problem must also be discussed with local authorities. TYPES OF AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS The most important waste from a refinery, requiring purification, is oily water, although especially in older refineries there may be chemical wastes as well. Aqueous effluents may be classified as follows: 1) Surface water including rainwater; 2) Process water; 3) Cooling water; 4) Tanker ballast. Rainwater falling on a refinery can be divided into two categories, one from oil-free areas and the other from places that may be oily. Clean areas include car parks, roadways, administrative buildings etc., and here no special purification is necessary. Dirty areas are process units, tank bunds, pipe tracks, laboratory drains, etc. Cooling water for pump glands also frequently passes to surface drains. This must be purified, by methods to be described later, before being discharged. Process water is all water that has been in direct contact with oil. This includes crude oil desalter water, to be referred to again later, water wash stages from various refining processes, and also condensate deriving from steam injection to distillation columns or ejectors of vacuum towers. All this must also be purified before being discharged. Refinery cooling water may be once through or recirculated through cooling towers. In either case large quantities are required. The volume will depend on - 759 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196661 |
Title | Disposal of liquid and solid effluents from oil refineries |
Author | Benger, Michael |
Date of Original | 1966 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 21st Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,12965 |
Extent of Original | p. 759-767 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 121 Engineering bulletin v. 50, no. 2 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-20 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 759 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | The Disposal of Liquid and Solid Effluents from Oil Refineries MICHAEL BENGER British Petroleum Company, Ltd. London, England INTRODUCTION Public authorities in all parts of the world where oil refineries are installed or projected have become acutely aware of the danger of loss of amenity resulting from the presence of the refinery. Many countries have recently introduced new legislation to control discharges and all are continuously reviewing measures to make the controls more stringent. In a paper presented to an international conference it is not appropriate to describe the regulations imposed by any one country in detail; all are framed with the same intentions. This paper is largely confined to conditions as they exist in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. Required standards of liquid effluent quality naturally vary according to the locality and circumstances of the discharge and are usually decided by the appropriate local authority. It would evidently he unfair to expect a refinery discharging into an already dirty harbor or estuary to conform to the same standard as one discharging close to an established bathing beach or into an unpolluted river stocked with fish. The self-purifying character of the water should also normally be taken into account. A new refinery will be required to achieve higher standards than one that has been operating over a number of years, although the latter will be under continuous pressure for improvements. When a new refinery is being designed it is necessary to hold consultations at an early stage with the appropriate authorities to agree to the maximum tolerable limits of various possible contaminants. Disposal facilities for solid wastes, although a relatively minor problem must also be discussed with local authorities. TYPES OF AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS The most important waste from a refinery, requiring purification, is oily water, although especially in older refineries there may be chemical wastes as well. Aqueous effluents may be classified as follows: 1) Surface water including rainwater; 2) Process water; 3) Cooling water; 4) Tanker ballast. Rainwater falling on a refinery can be divided into two categories, one from oil-free areas and the other from places that may be oily. Clean areas include car parks, roadways, administrative buildings etc., and here no special purification is necessary. Dirty areas are process units, tank bunds, pipe tracks, laboratory drains, etc. Cooling water for pump glands also frequently passes to surface drains. This must be purified, by methods to be described later, before being discharged. Process water is all water that has been in direct contact with oil. This includes crude oil desalter water, to be referred to again later, water wash stages from various refining processes, and also condensate deriving from steam injection to distillation columns or ejectors of vacuum towers. All this must also be purified before being discharged. Refinery cooling water may be once through or recirculated through cooling towers. In either case large quantities are required. The volume will depend on - 759 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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