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Toxicity of Copper to Activated Sludge K. C. AYERS, Sanitary Engineer The Mead Corporation Chillicothe, Ohio K. S. SHUMATE, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering G. P. HANNA, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio INTRODUCTION The activated-sludge process as described by Ardern and Lockett in 1914 offered a degree of sewage-treatment not before possible. Continued developments since then have improved this biological treatment process to the point wnere operational efficiency can be predictably and consistently kept at a high level, with due regard and proper compensation for certain environmental, physical, and chemical conditions. The very fact that the primary agents causing degradation are bacteria means, however, that the process can be and is upset to varying degrees by anything toxic to the bacterial community. It has long been recognized that heavy metals can cause deleterious effects to biological treatment efficiency and many investigators have reported on these effects, usually as monitored by some external parameter such as reduction in BOD removal. This paper will not attempt to list the many researchers who have worked in this area. However, it can be stated that while these concentrations of the heavy metals causing serious retardation of the bacterial action are fairly established and documented, few investigators have attempted to define the mechanisms causing retardation, or to suggest means of alleviating or preventing deleterious effects when the influent sewage contains toxic concentrations of one or more of these metals. The purpose of this paper is to summarize studies carried out at The Ohio State University in which attempts were made to investigate the actual mechanism causing partial failure of the activated-sludge process due to shock loadings of copper. WORK OF PREVIOUS INVESTIGATORS Previous studies (1,2) have indicated that of the metal ions commonly found in industrial wastes, copper appears to be one of the most toxic to biological treatment processes. Barth et al (3) verified the high toxicity of copper as compared to chromium, nickel and zinc. They found that biological processes are more sensitive to copper than to the other ions, both with respect to the concentrations which will give a significant reduction in aerobic treatment efficiency when fed continuously and when fed as a four-hr slug dose. Directo(2) investigated the reactions of the activated sludge process to shock dosages of copper. Specifically, he studied the effects of copper on sludges having no previous history of copper, and employed a six-hr copper dosage at levels - 516 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196538 |
Title | Toxicity of copper to activated sludge |
Author |
Ayers, K. C. Shumate, Kenesaw S. Hanna, George P. |
Date of Original | 1965 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the twentieth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,12162 |
Extent of Original | p. 516-524 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 118 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 4 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 516 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Toxicity of Copper to Activated Sludge K. C. AYERS, Sanitary Engineer The Mead Corporation Chillicothe, Ohio K. S. SHUMATE, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering G. P. HANNA, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio INTRODUCTION The activated-sludge process as described by Ardern and Lockett in 1914 offered a degree of sewage-treatment not before possible. Continued developments since then have improved this biological treatment process to the point wnere operational efficiency can be predictably and consistently kept at a high level, with due regard and proper compensation for certain environmental, physical, and chemical conditions. The very fact that the primary agents causing degradation are bacteria means, however, that the process can be and is upset to varying degrees by anything toxic to the bacterial community. It has long been recognized that heavy metals can cause deleterious effects to biological treatment efficiency and many investigators have reported on these effects, usually as monitored by some external parameter such as reduction in BOD removal. This paper will not attempt to list the many researchers who have worked in this area. However, it can be stated that while these concentrations of the heavy metals causing serious retardation of the bacterial action are fairly established and documented, few investigators have attempted to define the mechanisms causing retardation, or to suggest means of alleviating or preventing deleterious effects when the influent sewage contains toxic concentrations of one or more of these metals. The purpose of this paper is to summarize studies carried out at The Ohio State University in which attempts were made to investigate the actual mechanism causing partial failure of the activated-sludge process due to shock loadings of copper. WORK OF PREVIOUS INVESTIGATORS Previous studies (1,2) have indicated that of the metal ions commonly found in industrial wastes, copper appears to be one of the most toxic to biological treatment processes. Barth et al (3) verified the high toxicity of copper as compared to chromium, nickel and zinc. They found that biological processes are more sensitive to copper than to the other ions, both with respect to the concentrations which will give a significant reduction in aerobic treatment efficiency when fed continuously and when fed as a four-hr slug dose. Directo(2) investigated the reactions of the activated sludge process to shock dosages of copper. Specifically, he studied the effects of copper on sludges having no previous history of copper, and employed a six-hr copper dosage at levels - 516 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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