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Identification of Petroleum Products in Water L. LIVELY, Chemist A. A. ROSEN, In Charge, Organic Contaminants Unit C. I. MASHNI, Chemist Chemistry and Physics U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Bureau of State Services Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio INTRODUCTION Pollution of water resources by petroleum material is a complex problem, both as to the ways in which pollution arises and the kinds of material responsible for pollution. Any of the varied classes of petroleum products, ranging from un- condensed gases to dense tars, may become water pollutants. They havebeen known to enter into surface and ground waters by numerous routes, among them, loss during well-drilling, waste during refining, broken long-distance pipelines", wrecked tank cars, sunken barges, and leaking filling station tanks. The severity of pollution has ranged from tap water vapor that could be ignited to barely perceptible taste and odor in drinking water. Despite the constant increase in production and processing of petroleum products, there has not been a correspondingly intensive development of improved methods for the analysis of hydrocarbon pollution. Gravimetric and volumetric analyses, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy have been the four most popular techniques used for the analysis of pollution caused by petroleum and its products. The first two techniques serve as methods of analysis of gross pollution, while the latter two techniques are suitable where the pollution is not heavy. Because of its simplicity, speed, and sensitivity, gas chromatography is emphasized in many current analytical developments. These characteristics make it a valuable technique in the analysis of hydrocarbon pollution. ANALYTICAL METHODS It is difficult to analyze the very small quantities of contaminants that cause taste and odor in water. This fact is particularly true of volatile contaminants such as those derived from petroleum. Some of the various types of petroleum products found in water include: natural gas, natural gasoline, refined gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils, and lubricating oils. Many of them impart a taste and odor to water at concentrations of a few parts per billion. Gasoline, a major offender, produces an odor in concentrations as low as 0.005 mg/1 (1). Other products, depending upon their volatility and composition, have similarly low threshold odor concentrations. A number of available methods (2,3,4,5) are limited to detecting and measuring petroleum products in excess of about two mg/1. Generally, they are based on gravimetric determination of solvent extracts, which include substances other than hydrocarbons. Recent research has been devoted to the development of more - 657 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196550 |
Title | Identification of petroleum products in water |
Author |
Lively, L. Rosen, A. A. Mashni, C. I. |
Date of Original | 1965 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the twentieth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,12162 |
Extent of Original | p. 657-663 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 118 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 4 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 657 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Identification of Petroleum Products in Water L. LIVELY, Chemist A. A. ROSEN, In Charge, Organic Contaminants Unit C. I. MASHNI, Chemist Chemistry and Physics U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Bureau of State Services Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio INTRODUCTION Pollution of water resources by petroleum material is a complex problem, both as to the ways in which pollution arises and the kinds of material responsible for pollution. Any of the varied classes of petroleum products, ranging from un- condensed gases to dense tars, may become water pollutants. They havebeen known to enter into surface and ground waters by numerous routes, among them, loss during well-drilling, waste during refining, broken long-distance pipelines", wrecked tank cars, sunken barges, and leaking filling station tanks. The severity of pollution has ranged from tap water vapor that could be ignited to barely perceptible taste and odor in drinking water. Despite the constant increase in production and processing of petroleum products, there has not been a correspondingly intensive development of improved methods for the analysis of hydrocarbon pollution. Gravimetric and volumetric analyses, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy have been the four most popular techniques used for the analysis of pollution caused by petroleum and its products. The first two techniques serve as methods of analysis of gross pollution, while the latter two techniques are suitable where the pollution is not heavy. Because of its simplicity, speed, and sensitivity, gas chromatography is emphasized in many current analytical developments. These characteristics make it a valuable technique in the analysis of hydrocarbon pollution. ANALYTICAL METHODS It is difficult to analyze the very small quantities of contaminants that cause taste and odor in water. This fact is particularly true of volatile contaminants such as those derived from petroleum. Some of the various types of petroleum products found in water include: natural gas, natural gasoline, refined gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils, and lubricating oils. Many of them impart a taste and odor to water at concentrations of a few parts per billion. Gasoline, a major offender, produces an odor in concentrations as low as 0.005 mg/1 (1). Other products, depending upon their volatility and composition, have similarly low threshold odor concentrations. A number of available methods (2,3,4,5) are limited to detecting and measuring petroleum products in excess of about two mg/1. Generally, they are based on gravimetric determination of solvent extracts, which include substances other than hydrocarbons. Recent research has been devoted to the development of more - 657 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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