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Surveillance for Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Surface Waters ANDREW W. BREIDENBACH, Chief, Technical Operations Water Quality Section, Basic Data Branch Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Public Health Service U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio The Public Health Service Water Pollution Control Surveillance System includes 131 surface-water sampling stations on major waterways and modern laboratory facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio. These stations are operated by the Public Health Service with the active cooperation and participation of other agencies -- Federal, State, and local, as well as industries and universities. The system provides data on the nature and extent of pollution in our major rivers and the Great Lakes. Samples are taken at frequencies as high as several per hr in the case of automatic water quality data acquisition equipment, and as low as once or twice per year. Frequency of sampling is varied to fit the severity of the pollution problem and requirements for satisfactory interpretation. Samples are subjected to a variety of analyses. Automated analyses are carried out by monitoring equipment, where such equipment has been installed (1). Many general chemical analyses are carried out on shipped samples by automated equipment after the samples reach the laboratory. Other samples are subjected to analyses for trace metals, for alpha and beta radioactivity, specific radionuclides, plankton, benthos, microbiological organisms, and organic chemicals at the laboratories in Cincinnati. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are, as the name implies hydrocarbons in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by chlorine atoms. This family is part of a larger and more heterogeneous group ot ctiemical compounds referred to as organic compounds. These occur in exceedingly small concentrations in river water. The chlorinated hydrocarbon group, however, has probably received more attention in the laboratory as well as in public news media because of the toxicity to fish of some members of the group. In the early part of this century when domestic sources contributed the overwhelming share of pollution to rivers and streams, we depended, rather successfully upon the natural oxidative mechanisms of the stream to degrade organic waste material and to the innocuous fragments of carbon dioxide and water itself. Man has been quite ingenious in his search for new and useful compounds. Some of the compounds used today resist the natural processes of biodegradation. We now appreciate and enjoy the use of any number of chemically rigorous substances. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are but one example of such rigorous compounds. Detergents, paints, lacquers, plastics, rubber, and motor oil all exhibit refractory characteristics. These products represent the tremendous advances which have had a positive effect upon our national economy and our standard of living. Nevertheless, we should note that the by-products and waste products associated with these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are not readily destructible. It is quite evident that the ultimate disposal location for many of these compounds is the surface water which runs down to form the streams and major rivers of the Nation. Thus, it is not surprising that we find these rigorous materials in waters by - 248 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196522 |
Title | Surveillance for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in surface waters |
Author | Breidenbach, Andrew W. |
Date of Original | 1965 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the twentieth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,12162 |
Extent of Original | p. 248-253 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 118 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 4 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 248 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Surveillance for Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Surface Waters ANDREW W. BREIDENBACH, Chief, Technical Operations Water Quality Section, Basic Data Branch Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Public Health Service U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio The Public Health Service Water Pollution Control Surveillance System includes 131 surface-water sampling stations on major waterways and modern laboratory facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio. These stations are operated by the Public Health Service with the active cooperation and participation of other agencies -- Federal, State, and local, as well as industries and universities. The system provides data on the nature and extent of pollution in our major rivers and the Great Lakes. Samples are taken at frequencies as high as several per hr in the case of automatic water quality data acquisition equipment, and as low as once or twice per year. Frequency of sampling is varied to fit the severity of the pollution problem and requirements for satisfactory interpretation. Samples are subjected to a variety of analyses. Automated analyses are carried out by monitoring equipment, where such equipment has been installed (1). Many general chemical analyses are carried out on shipped samples by automated equipment after the samples reach the laboratory. Other samples are subjected to analyses for trace metals, for alpha and beta radioactivity, specific radionuclides, plankton, benthos, microbiological organisms, and organic chemicals at the laboratories in Cincinnati. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are, as the name implies hydrocarbons in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by chlorine atoms. This family is part of a larger and more heterogeneous group ot ctiemical compounds referred to as organic compounds. These occur in exceedingly small concentrations in river water. The chlorinated hydrocarbon group, however, has probably received more attention in the laboratory as well as in public news media because of the toxicity to fish of some members of the group. In the early part of this century when domestic sources contributed the overwhelming share of pollution to rivers and streams, we depended, rather successfully upon the natural oxidative mechanisms of the stream to degrade organic waste material and to the innocuous fragments of carbon dioxide and water itself. Man has been quite ingenious in his search for new and useful compounds. Some of the compounds used today resist the natural processes of biodegradation. We now appreciate and enjoy the use of any number of chemically rigorous substances. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are but one example of such rigorous compounds. Detergents, paints, lacquers, plastics, rubber, and motor oil all exhibit refractory characteristics. These products represent the tremendous advances which have had a positive effect upon our national economy and our standard of living. Nevertheless, we should note that the by-products and waste products associated with these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are not readily destructible. It is quite evident that the ultimate disposal location for many of these compounds is the surface water which runs down to form the streams and major rivers of the Nation. Thus, it is not surprising that we find these rigorous materials in waters by - 248 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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