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Oxidation of Selected Carcinogenic Compounds by Activated Sludge PHILIP A. LUTIN, Research Assistant JOHN J. CIBULKA, Research Assistant GEORGE W. MALANEY, Associate Professor of Sanitary Biology Department of Civil Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee INTRODUCTION According to Rachel Carson, man is slowly but surely destroying the biota within his life zone, even to the extent of self-destruction. The ingestion of or contact with certain chemical compounds may cause cancer in or on the human body. These compounds are referred to as carcinogenic. The compounds known to be carcinogenic for lab animals are tabulated by Hart- well (2) and Shubik and Hartwell (3). In recent years, there have been several attempts to isolate carcinogenic compounds from surface and waste waters. In 1951, Shimkin, Koe, and Zech- meister reported the presence of 3,4-benzpyrene in extracts prepared from barnacles growing on pilings in San Francisco Bay. The bay water was contaminated with ship fuel oil (4). In 1954, Ruchhoft and Hueper further demonstrated the presence of carcinogenic pollutants in water (5). In the same year, Ruchhoft, Middle ton, Braus, and Rosen identified petroleum refinery wastes in receiving waters (6). Almost simultaneously, Shubik and Saffiotti postulated that insufficiently refined petroleum waxes and mineral oils employed as packaging material or foodstuffs might constitute a danger to the public health (7). Also, in 1954, Wedgwood and Cooper studying sewage and industrial sludge recovered various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including the carcinogens 3, 4-benzpyrene and 1,2-benzan- thracene (8). In a series of papers from 1959 to 1962, Borneff et al, reported the presence of the carcinogens, 2-naphthylamine, 3,4-benzpyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, 20-methylcholanthrene, and 9,10-dimethyl-l, 2-benzanthracene in surface waters (9,10,11). Hueper, in 1960, called attention to the carcinogenic nature of herbicides and pesticides including thioacetamide, thiourea, thiouracil, and several urethane derivatives (12). Hueper warned of the grave danger to human life if these carci - nogenic compounds are not removed from water used for drinking and bathing. A study was made of the efficiency of activated sludge treatment in removing carcinogenic hydrocarbons from waste water by the oxidative mechanism. The molecular structures of the compounds studied are shown in Figures 1 to 4. These compounds have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic to laboratory animals when ingested or contacted ectodermally. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxygen uptake was measured with a Warburg constant-volume respirometer fitted with 125 ml reaction flasks. Each flask contained 1.0 ml of 20 per cent KOH solution in the center well. - 131 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196513 |
Title | Oxidation of selected carcinogenic compounds by activated sludge |
Author |
Lutin, Philip A. Cibulka, John J. Malaney, G. W. (George W.) |
Date of Original | 1965 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the twentieth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,12162 |
Extent of Original | p. 131-145 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 118 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 4 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 131 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Oxidation of Selected Carcinogenic Compounds by Activated Sludge PHILIP A. LUTIN, Research Assistant JOHN J. CIBULKA, Research Assistant GEORGE W. MALANEY, Associate Professor of Sanitary Biology Department of Civil Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee INTRODUCTION According to Rachel Carson, man is slowly but surely destroying the biota within his life zone, even to the extent of self-destruction. The ingestion of or contact with certain chemical compounds may cause cancer in or on the human body. These compounds are referred to as carcinogenic. The compounds known to be carcinogenic for lab animals are tabulated by Hart- well (2) and Shubik and Hartwell (3). In recent years, there have been several attempts to isolate carcinogenic compounds from surface and waste waters. In 1951, Shimkin, Koe, and Zech- meister reported the presence of 3,4-benzpyrene in extracts prepared from barnacles growing on pilings in San Francisco Bay. The bay water was contaminated with ship fuel oil (4). In 1954, Ruchhoft and Hueper further demonstrated the presence of carcinogenic pollutants in water (5). In the same year, Ruchhoft, Middle ton, Braus, and Rosen identified petroleum refinery wastes in receiving waters (6). Almost simultaneously, Shubik and Saffiotti postulated that insufficiently refined petroleum waxes and mineral oils employed as packaging material or foodstuffs might constitute a danger to the public health (7). Also, in 1954, Wedgwood and Cooper studying sewage and industrial sludge recovered various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including the carcinogens 3, 4-benzpyrene and 1,2-benzan- thracene (8). In a series of papers from 1959 to 1962, Borneff et al, reported the presence of the carcinogens, 2-naphthylamine, 3,4-benzpyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, 20-methylcholanthrene, and 9,10-dimethyl-l, 2-benzanthracene in surface waters (9,10,11). Hueper, in 1960, called attention to the carcinogenic nature of herbicides and pesticides including thioacetamide, thiourea, thiouracil, and several urethane derivatives (12). Hueper warned of the grave danger to human life if these carci - nogenic compounds are not removed from water used for drinking and bathing. A study was made of the efficiency of activated sludge treatment in removing carcinogenic hydrocarbons from waste water by the oxidative mechanism. The molecular structures of the compounds studied are shown in Figures 1 to 4. These compounds have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic to laboratory animals when ingested or contacted ectodermally. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxygen uptake was measured with a Warburg constant-volume respirometer fitted with 125 ml reaction flasks. Each flask contained 1.0 ml of 20 per cent KOH solution in the center well. - 131 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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