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Cation Toxicity and Stimulation in Anaerobic Waste Treatment II. Daily Feed Studies IRWIN J. KUGELMAN, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering New York University New York, New York PERRY L. McCARTY, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering Stanford University Stanford, California INTRODUCTION During the past 20 years research into the fundamental principles underlying waste water treatment has increased at a rapid rate. One fundamental principle which this research has brought forth is that optimum efficiency in a biological waste treatment system can be attained only when the microorganisms functioning in the process are provided with an optimum environment. Studies by biologists over the last century have indicated the fundamental role played by cations in the metabolic processes of all organisms. Therefore, it is evident that control of the ionic environment must be practiced in order to insure optimum performance of biological waste treatment systems. Until recently, however, the importance of cation effects has been overlooked in the design of anaerobic waste treatment systems. The neglect of cation effects has resulted primarily for three reasons: 1) In the past most anaerobic systems have been called upon to treat domestic sewage sludge. In most cases sewage sludge is essentially a biological well balanced ionic medium. 2) The anaerobic digestion systems designed for the treatment of domestic sewage sludge were operated at rather low organic loadings, and long retention times. Thus deviations from the optimum ionic environment were not critical. 3) Treatment difficulties which resulted from an ionic imbalance were ascribed to improper levels of other more easily recognizable environmental factors such as pH and volatile acids. In the future, biological waste treatment systems will be called upon more to handle wastes of an entirely different nature from that of domestic sewage sludge. In addition, in order to make the process as economical as possible, much higher organic loading rates and shorter retention times will be desirable. Under these new conditions consideration of cation effects will undoubtedly become more critical for the design and operation of anaerobic waste treatment systems. In order to prepare for these future conditions, a basic investigation of cation effects in the anaerobic waste treatment process was undertaken. The first phase of this investigation dealt with the slug addition of cations to active cultures of acetate fermenting methane bacteria. The results of the first phase were reported previously (1). The second phase which is reported in this paper deals with cation effects under daily feed conditions, as would apply more closely to field conditions. 667 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196454 |
Title | Cation toxicity and stimulation in anaerobic waste treatment. II. Daily feed studies |
Author |
Kugelman, Irwin J. McCarty, Perry L. |
Date of Original | 1964 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the nineteenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,11114 |
Extent of Original | p. 667-686 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 117 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 1(a)-2 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 667 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Cation Toxicity and Stimulation in Anaerobic Waste Treatment II. Daily Feed Studies IRWIN J. KUGELMAN, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering New York University New York, New York PERRY L. McCARTY, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering Stanford University Stanford, California INTRODUCTION During the past 20 years research into the fundamental principles underlying waste water treatment has increased at a rapid rate. One fundamental principle which this research has brought forth is that optimum efficiency in a biological waste treatment system can be attained only when the microorganisms functioning in the process are provided with an optimum environment. Studies by biologists over the last century have indicated the fundamental role played by cations in the metabolic processes of all organisms. Therefore, it is evident that control of the ionic environment must be practiced in order to insure optimum performance of biological waste treatment systems. Until recently, however, the importance of cation effects has been overlooked in the design of anaerobic waste treatment systems. The neglect of cation effects has resulted primarily for three reasons: 1) In the past most anaerobic systems have been called upon to treat domestic sewage sludge. In most cases sewage sludge is essentially a biological well balanced ionic medium. 2) The anaerobic digestion systems designed for the treatment of domestic sewage sludge were operated at rather low organic loadings, and long retention times. Thus deviations from the optimum ionic environment were not critical. 3) Treatment difficulties which resulted from an ionic imbalance were ascribed to improper levels of other more easily recognizable environmental factors such as pH and volatile acids. In the future, biological waste treatment systems will be called upon more to handle wastes of an entirely different nature from that of domestic sewage sludge. In addition, in order to make the process as economical as possible, much higher organic loading rates and shorter retention times will be desirable. Under these new conditions consideration of cation effects will undoubtedly become more critical for the design and operation of anaerobic waste treatment systems. In order to prepare for these future conditions, a basic investigation of cation effects in the anaerobic waste treatment process was undertaken. The first phase of this investigation dealt with the slug addition of cations to active cultures of acetate fermenting methane bacteria. The results of the first phase were reported previously (1). The second phase which is reported in this paper deals with cation effects under daily feed conditions, as would apply more closely to field conditions. 667 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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