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The Detection of Organic Pollution by Automated COD A. H. MOLOF, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering New York University University Heights New York, New York N. S. ZALEIKO, Staff Consultant Technicon Co. Chauncey, New York A rapid automated analytical test which can indicate the strength of a process stream is the goal of operating people in every field including water pollution. The strength of a waste water, whether sewage, industrial waste or a combination of both, can usually be indicated by its total organic content. The total organic content in a waste water has been determined by manual analysis principally from the biological (BOD) and chemical (COD) viewpoints. There are, of course, specific tests for organic chemicals, i.e., phenols and ABS; however, they are not of the total organic type to be considered here. The use of the biological test, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), has been the primary method used to determine the strength of a waste water whether it be domestic sewage, industrial waste, or river water. However, there are inherent disadvantages to the BOD test, i. e., time delay of five days, biological seed variability, chemical effects through toxicity, and the possible need to acclimate the seed. In order to attempt to overcome these disadvantages, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test which requires a time of a few hrs has been used (1) as a supplement to the BOD test and (2) as an individual test per se. However useful the COD is as a guide, it does not completely replace the BOD in supplying biological information to pollution authorities since the COD is based on chemical oxidation while the BOD is based on biological oxidation. The Standard Methods (1) COD procedure based on the work of Moore, Kroner and Ruchhoft (2) uses a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate as the basic chemical oxidant. The use of this chemical oxidation to determine the level of organic pollutants and its application to the various fields of pollution, i. e., waste water and river water, has been described on numerous occasions (2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7). Specifically, the COD test has been used for industrial waste treatment plant control as well as industrial process loss detection and control. The COD test has provided a method for detecting toxic conditions and the presence of biologically resistant organic materials. In conjunction with BOD, the COD can indicate the degree of biological stability of a stream and, in many cases, be used to predict the BOD. It should be noted that the COD is a measurement of the total organic content and does not solely indicate the carbon content of the sample. It is the objective of this paper to describe the results of the work started in late 1961 by the authors in converting the manual COD as outlined in Standard Methods to an automated chemical test. It is the authors' belief that this work will enable the use of the COD test to be extended even further by providing a continuous, automated analysis for continuous pollution testing, monitoring, and control. - 540 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196445 |
Title | Detection of organic pollution by automated COD |
Author |
Molof, Alan H. Zaleiko, N. S. |
Date of Original | 1964 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the nineteenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,11114 |
Extent of Original | p. 540-551 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 117 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 1(a)-2 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 540 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | The Detection of Organic Pollution by Automated COD A. H. MOLOF, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering New York University University Heights New York, New York N. S. ZALEIKO, Staff Consultant Technicon Co. Chauncey, New York A rapid automated analytical test which can indicate the strength of a process stream is the goal of operating people in every field including water pollution. The strength of a waste water, whether sewage, industrial waste or a combination of both, can usually be indicated by its total organic content. The total organic content in a waste water has been determined by manual analysis principally from the biological (BOD) and chemical (COD) viewpoints. There are, of course, specific tests for organic chemicals, i.e., phenols and ABS; however, they are not of the total organic type to be considered here. The use of the biological test, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), has been the primary method used to determine the strength of a waste water whether it be domestic sewage, industrial waste, or river water. However, there are inherent disadvantages to the BOD test, i. e., time delay of five days, biological seed variability, chemical effects through toxicity, and the possible need to acclimate the seed. In order to attempt to overcome these disadvantages, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test which requires a time of a few hrs has been used (1) as a supplement to the BOD test and (2) as an individual test per se. However useful the COD is as a guide, it does not completely replace the BOD in supplying biological information to pollution authorities since the COD is based on chemical oxidation while the BOD is based on biological oxidation. The Standard Methods (1) COD procedure based on the work of Moore, Kroner and Ruchhoft (2) uses a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate as the basic chemical oxidant. The use of this chemical oxidation to determine the level of organic pollutants and its application to the various fields of pollution, i. e., waste water and river water, has been described on numerous occasions (2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7). Specifically, the COD test has been used for industrial waste treatment plant control as well as industrial process loss detection and control. The COD test has provided a method for detecting toxic conditions and the presence of biologically resistant organic materials. In conjunction with BOD, the COD can indicate the degree of biological stability of a stream and, in many cases, be used to predict the BOD. It should be noted that the COD is a measurement of the total organic content and does not solely indicate the carbon content of the sample. It is the objective of this paper to describe the results of the work started in late 1961 by the authors in converting the manual COD as outlined in Standard Methods to an automated chemical test. It is the authors' belief that this work will enable the use of the COD test to be extended even further by providing a continuous, automated analysis for continuous pollution testing, monitoring, and control. - 540 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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