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Water Re-Use and Black Liquor Oxidation by the Container- Copeland Process C. G. COPELAND, Chief Engineer Process Developments Container Corporation of America Carthage, Indiana INTRODUCTION Pulp and paper mills across the country have, in recent years, been subject to increasing pressures to reduce the amount and character of wastes discharged into adjacent waterways on which they are normally located. Many mills have been working at and improving the problem, but many will find the problem next to impossible to solve for reasons which I will try to describe. Financial considerations of the total problem are immense, and time is certainly not in favor of the mills. Stream pollution, as attributed to pulp and paper mills, generally is due to a discharge of that wood fraction which is digested or cooked out of the basic pulp wood in the preparation of fibers for paper making. This fraction is organic in chemical make up and consists of wood sugars, hemi-celluloses and a cementing material of complex structure, which binds the cellulose fibers in a tree together, called lignin. In combination with the sulfur bearing chemicals used in the di- festion, the wasted material is dark brown or black in color and pollutes largely ecause of its reducing character and consequent oxygen demand on the receiving waters. To compare pulp and paper mill effluents with a population equivalent of domestic sewage is unjust and technically unsupportable. Pulp and paper mills are usually located in areas close to a raw material supply, i. e. wood, reclaimed fibers or waste paper, and water. Most other considerations of location have been secondary. Early recognition was given by the industry to the fact that wood reserves were fundamental to continued operation and mucn effort and cost has gone into forest land acquisition, wood conservation, and reforestation. The progress made in replanting of trees or reforestation is one of the great scientific achievements of the industry. The development ofthe waste paper or reclaimed fiber segment ofthe industry has been an important adjunct to conservation of wood supplies and fills an important need where less costly secondary materials can be used. Water is used by the industry to wash lignin, etc. out of the wood pulp and generally as a conveying fluid for transportation of wood fibers through the process of manufacture of paper. In many cases, the efficiency of operations can be measured in terms of total water pumped through the pulp and paper mills. Water supplies have, therefore, been considered "ipso facto" a low cost key to successful operation. - 391 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196434 |
Title | Water re-use and black liquor oxidation by the container : Copeland process |
Author | Copeland, C. G. |
Date of Original | 1964 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the nineteenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,11114 |
Extent of Original | p. 391-401 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 117 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 1(a)-2 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 391 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Water Re-Use and Black Liquor Oxidation by the Container- Copeland Process C. G. COPELAND, Chief Engineer Process Developments Container Corporation of America Carthage, Indiana INTRODUCTION Pulp and paper mills across the country have, in recent years, been subject to increasing pressures to reduce the amount and character of wastes discharged into adjacent waterways on which they are normally located. Many mills have been working at and improving the problem, but many will find the problem next to impossible to solve for reasons which I will try to describe. Financial considerations of the total problem are immense, and time is certainly not in favor of the mills. Stream pollution, as attributed to pulp and paper mills, generally is due to a discharge of that wood fraction which is digested or cooked out of the basic pulp wood in the preparation of fibers for paper making. This fraction is organic in chemical make up and consists of wood sugars, hemi-celluloses and a cementing material of complex structure, which binds the cellulose fibers in a tree together, called lignin. In combination with the sulfur bearing chemicals used in the di- festion, the wasted material is dark brown or black in color and pollutes largely ecause of its reducing character and consequent oxygen demand on the receiving waters. To compare pulp and paper mill effluents with a population equivalent of domestic sewage is unjust and technically unsupportable. Pulp and paper mills are usually located in areas close to a raw material supply, i. e. wood, reclaimed fibers or waste paper, and water. Most other considerations of location have been secondary. Early recognition was given by the industry to the fact that wood reserves were fundamental to continued operation and mucn effort and cost has gone into forest land acquisition, wood conservation, and reforestation. The progress made in replanting of trees or reforestation is one of the great scientific achievements of the industry. The development ofthe waste paper or reclaimed fiber segment ofthe industry has been an important adjunct to conservation of wood supplies and fills an important need where less costly secondary materials can be used. Water is used by the industry to wash lignin, etc. out of the wood pulp and generally as a conveying fluid for transportation of wood fibers through the process of manufacture of paper. In many cases, the efficiency of operations can be measured in terms of total water pumped through the pulp and paper mills. Water supplies have, therefore, been considered "ipso facto" a low cost key to successful operation. - 391 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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