page 117 |
Previous | 1 of 6 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
An Economic Balance to Control of Stream Pollution JOHN M. FAIRALL, Chemical Engineering Consultant U. S. Public Health Service Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio INTRODUCTION In a previous paper (1) the author made the statement: "Trends in industrial waste treatment are the results of economic balances. In the process industries, it is the practice not to recover waste materials unless the value of the recovered material exceeds the cost of recovery. When we consider the economic value of the receiving stream, however, we add another value, and it may become more desirable to reduce or recover process wastes. If it is not economical to reduce wastes, then they must be treated to reduce the amount of pollutants going to the stream." This paper presents the ideas resulting from giving .farther consideration to the value of a stream in the free enterprise system. The remarks are limited to the case of industrial wastes being discharged directly to the stream rather than being discharged through a municipal sewage treatment plant; the philosophy is adaptable, however, to other situations of waste discharges. PRESENT WASTE CONTROL Present water pollution control agencies have been established either by interpretation of existing laws or by special legislation. Waste control agencies have developed as part of a state department of health or by exercise of the police power of the state to control nuisances, or by new legislation establishing additional responsibilities for the department of health or else creating a pollution control board. In some cases where a river basin includes parts of two or more states, interstate water pollution control boards have also been established. In water pollution control activities three interested groups have risen, namely: the government as a pollution control agency, the management of the industrial plant, and the people of the state. First among the interested groups are the water pollution control agencies that have largely carried out their activities through education and cooperation with the polluters of public waters and with the water users. In some cases, the poUution control agencies have established stream standards, either published or as unwritten guidelines. In other cases, streams have been classified following public hearings in which all three interested groups may have been heard. A third type of control used by some agencies is the establishment of effluent standards for particular industries or for single industrial plants. Representation of the public on these pollution control boards is often accomplished by appointment of board members from various subcategories, such as from public health, conservation, agriculture, highways, industries, and municipalities. Another means of attaining results in the control of pollution of streams is for the control agency to take action in the courts, where all issues may be heard. There have been occasions (not necessarUy in the courts) when the question has been raised whether these agencies have adequate knowledge of the economic situations they are regulating. The second group interested in water poUution control activities is industrial - 117 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196312 |
Title | Economic balance to control of stream pollution |
Author | Fairall, John M. |
Date of Original | 1963 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the eighteenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=10285&REC=5 |
Extent of Original | p. 117-122 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 117 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | An Economic Balance to Control of Stream Pollution JOHN M. FAIRALL, Chemical Engineering Consultant U. S. Public Health Service Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio INTRODUCTION In a previous paper (1) the author made the statement: "Trends in industrial waste treatment are the results of economic balances. In the process industries, it is the practice not to recover waste materials unless the value of the recovered material exceeds the cost of recovery. When we consider the economic value of the receiving stream, however, we add another value, and it may become more desirable to reduce or recover process wastes. If it is not economical to reduce wastes, then they must be treated to reduce the amount of pollutants going to the stream." This paper presents the ideas resulting from giving .farther consideration to the value of a stream in the free enterprise system. The remarks are limited to the case of industrial wastes being discharged directly to the stream rather than being discharged through a municipal sewage treatment plant; the philosophy is adaptable, however, to other situations of waste discharges. PRESENT WASTE CONTROL Present water pollution control agencies have been established either by interpretation of existing laws or by special legislation. Waste control agencies have developed as part of a state department of health or by exercise of the police power of the state to control nuisances, or by new legislation establishing additional responsibilities for the department of health or else creating a pollution control board. In some cases where a river basin includes parts of two or more states, interstate water pollution control boards have also been established. In water pollution control activities three interested groups have risen, namely: the government as a pollution control agency, the management of the industrial plant, and the people of the state. First among the interested groups are the water pollution control agencies that have largely carried out their activities through education and cooperation with the polluters of public waters and with the water users. In some cases, the poUution control agencies have established stream standards, either published or as unwritten guidelines. In other cases, streams have been classified following public hearings in which all three interested groups may have been heard. A third type of control used by some agencies is the establishment of effluent standards for particular industries or for single industrial plants. Representation of the public on these pollution control boards is often accomplished by appointment of board members from various subcategories, such as from public health, conservation, agriculture, highways, industries, and municipalities. Another means of attaining results in the control of pollution of streams is for the control agency to take action in the courts, where all issues may be heard. There have been occasions (not necessarUy in the courts) when the question has been raised whether these agencies have adequate knowledge of the economic situations they are regulating. The second group interested in water poUution control activities is industrial - 117 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for page 117