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PURDUE >/ | rYr^^l ll 17^* verennory medical/ III l^f 1) Jj^ 1 1 ( ^^"»" VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2 SUMMER FALL 19 79 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ENDOTOXIC SHOCK IN HORSES Endotoxic shock in the horse is a primary problem associated with gastrointestinal diseases and acute abdominal crisis. Tremendous numbers of gram-negative organisms in the large intestine make available a large pool of endotoxin which can be absorbed and lead to endotoxic shock when the gut is obstructed. Endotoxin- induced changes have been reported in many animals and widespread derangements of the cardiovascular system occur. A characteristic triphasic response which includes an initial fall, a partial recovery, and a precipitous terminal fall in blood pressure is usually observed. The exact nature and cause of the cardiovascular derangements are unknown, but the microcirculation has been repeatedly implicated in the pathophysiology of shock. Knowledge about the tissue perfusion of all organs is of great interest due to the marked fall in blood pressure, decreased cardiac output, and generalized vasodilation that accompanies endotoxic shock. Research activities at Purdue have included experiments designed to characterize regional blood flow changes, cellular damage and energy deficits in horses during endotoxic shock and to determine the benefits accruing from the use of massive steroid therapy. A technique using microspheres labeled with radionuclides to determine blood flow to all major organs at different times during endotoxic shock has been developed. Ponies are being used in the current experimental work. Shock is induced by the intravenous injection of Escherichia co//-derived endotoxin. Blood flow (ml/ min/g) to major organs is measured using radionuclide labeled 15u microspheres and cardiorespiratory actions are constantly monitored. Blood samples taken at regular time intervals are analyzed for glucose, insulin, plasma enzymes, isoenzymes, and clotting factors to determine energy deficits and specific tissue changes. The schematic diagram illustrates the experimental model. The use of microspheres labeled with different radionuclides is the only technique by which multiple measurements of simultaneous flow to all organs and tissues can be obtained. When injected into the left ventricle, the microspheres are distributed to all tissues in the same manner as arterial blood. They are trapped in the capillary beds (see illustration) and yield information which can be used to calculate the relative blood flow to each organ at the time of injection. The percentage of total capillaries in the microvasculature blocked by microspheres is small and the reduction of blood flow to the capillary bed by such blockage is minimal. Microspheres (15u) labeled with different radionuclides are trapped during their first pass through the capillaries. The percentage of capillaries in the microvasculature blocked by the microspheres is small and causes no significant reduction in blood flow. The amount of radiation coming from the trapped microspheres can be used to calculate the relative blood flow to each organ. Schematic diagram of the experimental model showing cannulae used for injecting labeled microspheres, collecting samples and monitoring cardiorespiratory changes. Data on organ perfusion during times of specific tissue damage and irreversible shock are required to determine the ability of various therapeutic agents to maintain normal organ perfusion, thus providing a more rational approach to shock therapy. Additionally, knowledge about regional and organ blood flow should contribute to the understanding of any clinical disease thought to be related to poor tissue perfusion, e.g., adynamic ileus and rhabdomyolysis. These studies are continuing with the ultimate goal of determining the effect of steroid therapy first on experimentally-induced endotoxic shock, and if promising in the experimental model, then on selected cases of naturally occurring gut blockage with developing endotoxic shock manifestations. Drs. Bottoms, Fessler and Frauenfelder and Mr. Moore Investigators involved in the endotoxic shock research are (I to r): Dr. H. C. Frauenfelder, Dr. G. D. Bottoms, Mr. A. Moore, Mrs. Martha Johnson, Mr. H. Latshaw, and Dr. J. F. Fessler. TWO DISTINGUISHED ALUMNUS AWARDS ness to trans/ate his convictions into productive action which is clearly evident and appreciated by those whose lives he touches. By reason of such high devotion, he brings recognition and acclaim, not only to himself, but also to his profession and to the University which helped to give him direction. Dr. Carl A. Osborne, Class of 1964, of Saint Paul, Minnesota, was recognized for excellence in teaching, excellence in research, and excellence in clinical practice. The inscription on the plaque, symbolic of the recognition, presented to Dr. Osborne reads: In recognition of outstanding accomplishments and contributions in the areas of veterinary medical education, research, and clinical services, with particular acclaim for leadership and authorship in renal physiology and kidney diseases in companion animals; for the genuine and deep concern for the attitude of colleagues and for the profession which he proudly represents; and, for the standard of excellence which he demands of himself and which serves as a shining example for others. The Distinguished Alumnus Award Program was begun in 1978, and is supported by contributions from members of the Class of 1967 and others, in recognition and memory of Dr. David R. Mullis, a member of the Class of 1967 and a veterinary medical practitioner in Lyons, Indiana, who was awarded, posthumously, the first Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1978. J. J. Stockton Haines Osborne Banquet time during the Fall Conference and Alumni Reunion was the occasion for the presentation of the second and third Distinguished Alumnus Awards granted by the School. Dr. William A. Haines, Class of 1965, of Newington, Connecticut, was recognized for excellence in community service, excellence in organized veterinary medicine, and excellence in the practice of his profession. The inscription on the plaque, symbolic of the recognition, presented to Dr. Haines reads: In recognition of a deep sense of total community, both personal and professional, and for the ability and willing-
Object Description
Title | Purdue veterinary medical update, 1979, v. 5, no. 2 (Summer-Fall) |
Subjects (MeSH) |
Veterinary Medicine Education, Veterinary |
Creators | Purdue University. School of Veterinary Medicine |
Purdue Identification Number | PSVM00052 |
Subjects (LCSH) | Veterinary medicine--Study and teaching (Higher) |
Genre | Periodical |
Coverage | United States |
Date of Original | 1979 |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Collection Title | SVM Report |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Language | eng |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Date Digitized | 2009-08-06 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using Bookeye 3 internal software, with 24 bit color depth. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
URI | ark:/34231/c6zs2tfm |
Description
Title | page 1 |
Subjects (MeSH) |
Veterinary Medicine Education, Veterinary |
Creators | Purdue University. School of Veterinary Medicine |
Subjects (LCSH) | Veterinary medicine--Study and teaching (Higher) |
Genre | Periodical |
Coverage | United States |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Collection Title | SVM Report |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Language | eng |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using Bookeye 3 internal software, with 24 bit color depth. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | PURDUE >/ | rYr^^l ll 17^* verennory medical/ III l^f 1) Jj^ 1 1 ( ^^"»" VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2 SUMMER FALL 19 79 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ENDOTOXIC SHOCK IN HORSES Endotoxic shock in the horse is a primary problem associated with gastrointestinal diseases and acute abdominal crisis. Tremendous numbers of gram-negative organisms in the large intestine make available a large pool of endotoxin which can be absorbed and lead to endotoxic shock when the gut is obstructed. Endotoxin- induced changes have been reported in many animals and widespread derangements of the cardiovascular system occur. A characteristic triphasic response which includes an initial fall, a partial recovery, and a precipitous terminal fall in blood pressure is usually observed. The exact nature and cause of the cardiovascular derangements are unknown, but the microcirculation has been repeatedly implicated in the pathophysiology of shock. Knowledge about the tissue perfusion of all organs is of great interest due to the marked fall in blood pressure, decreased cardiac output, and generalized vasodilation that accompanies endotoxic shock. Research activities at Purdue have included experiments designed to characterize regional blood flow changes, cellular damage and energy deficits in horses during endotoxic shock and to determine the benefits accruing from the use of massive steroid therapy. A technique using microspheres labeled with radionuclides to determine blood flow to all major organs at different times during endotoxic shock has been developed. Ponies are being used in the current experimental work. Shock is induced by the intravenous injection of Escherichia co//-derived endotoxin. Blood flow (ml/ min/g) to major organs is measured using radionuclide labeled 15u microspheres and cardiorespiratory actions are constantly monitored. Blood samples taken at regular time intervals are analyzed for glucose, insulin, plasma enzymes, isoenzymes, and clotting factors to determine energy deficits and specific tissue changes. The schematic diagram illustrates the experimental model. The use of microspheres labeled with different radionuclides is the only technique by which multiple measurements of simultaneous flow to all organs and tissues can be obtained. When injected into the left ventricle, the microspheres are distributed to all tissues in the same manner as arterial blood. They are trapped in the capillary beds (see illustration) and yield information which can be used to calculate the relative blood flow to each organ at the time of injection. The percentage of total capillaries in the microvasculature blocked by microspheres is small and the reduction of blood flow to the capillary bed by such blockage is minimal. Microspheres (15u) labeled with different radionuclides are trapped during their first pass through the capillaries. The percentage of capillaries in the microvasculature blocked by the microspheres is small and causes no significant reduction in blood flow. The amount of radiation coming from the trapped microspheres can be used to calculate the relative blood flow to each organ. Schematic diagram of the experimental model showing cannulae used for injecting labeled microspheres, collecting samples and monitoring cardiorespiratory changes. Data on organ perfusion during times of specific tissue damage and irreversible shock are required to determine the ability of various therapeutic agents to maintain normal organ perfusion, thus providing a more rational approach to shock therapy. Additionally, knowledge about regional and organ blood flow should contribute to the understanding of any clinical disease thought to be related to poor tissue perfusion, e.g., adynamic ileus and rhabdomyolysis. These studies are continuing with the ultimate goal of determining the effect of steroid therapy first on experimentally-induced endotoxic shock, and if promising in the experimental model, then on selected cases of naturally occurring gut blockage with developing endotoxic shock manifestations. Drs. Bottoms, Fessler and Frauenfelder and Mr. Moore Investigators involved in the endotoxic shock research are (I to r): Dr. H. C. Frauenfelder, Dr. G. D. Bottoms, Mr. A. Moore, Mrs. Martha Johnson, Mr. H. Latshaw, and Dr. J. F. Fessler. TWO DISTINGUISHED ALUMNUS AWARDS ness to trans/ate his convictions into productive action which is clearly evident and appreciated by those whose lives he touches. By reason of such high devotion, he brings recognition and acclaim, not only to himself, but also to his profession and to the University which helped to give him direction. Dr. Carl A. Osborne, Class of 1964, of Saint Paul, Minnesota, was recognized for excellence in teaching, excellence in research, and excellence in clinical practice. The inscription on the plaque, symbolic of the recognition, presented to Dr. Osborne reads: In recognition of outstanding accomplishments and contributions in the areas of veterinary medical education, research, and clinical services, with particular acclaim for leadership and authorship in renal physiology and kidney diseases in companion animals; for the genuine and deep concern for the attitude of colleagues and for the profession which he proudly represents; and, for the standard of excellence which he demands of himself and which serves as a shining example for others. The Distinguished Alumnus Award Program was begun in 1978, and is supported by contributions from members of the Class of 1967 and others, in recognition and memory of Dr. David R. Mullis, a member of the Class of 1967 and a veterinary medical practitioner in Lyons, Indiana, who was awarded, posthumously, the first Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1978. J. J. Stockton Haines Osborne Banquet time during the Fall Conference and Alumni Reunion was the occasion for the presentation of the second and third Distinguished Alumnus Awards granted by the School. Dr. William A. Haines, Class of 1965, of Newington, Connecticut, was recognized for excellence in community service, excellence in organized veterinary medicine, and excellence in the practice of his profession. The inscription on the plaque, symbolic of the recognition, presented to Dr. Haines reads: In recognition of a deep sense of total community, both personal and professional, and for the ability and willing- |
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