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WASTE MANAGEMENT PIH-25 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • PURDUE UNIVERSITY • WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA Fertilizer Value of Swine Manure Authors Alan L. Sutton, Purdue University Stewart W. Melvin, Iowa State University Dale H. Vanderholm, University of Illinois Reviewers E. T. Kornegay, Virginia Polytechnic Institute J. Ronald Miner, Oregon State University Swine manure contains fertilizer nutrients that can support crop production and enhance the soil’s chemical and physical properties. Thus, manure can be an asset to a swine operation if its nutrient value is maximized. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide the swine producer with pertinent information on which to base decisions concerning the handling and use of swine manure as a fertilizer source. Discussed here are: (1) the nutrient content of manure, (2) how to determine application rates, (3) the need for supplementary fertilizer and (4) related manure handling management suggestions. Factors Affecting Fertilizer Value of Manure Several factors determine the type and amount of nutrients in swine manure and their eventual availability to plants. These factors are: type of ration fed; amount of feed, bedding and/or water added; method of collection and storage; time and method of land application; nitrification and soil characteristics. Type of Ration Fed Increasing levels of additives (copper, arsenic, etc.) and inorganic salts (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, etc.) in swine rations will change concentrations of these elements in manure. Certain additives, such as copper sulfate and arsenic compounds, may also change the decomposition rate of manure solids. There is concern about the potential toxic effects of increased levels of heavy metals and salts in soil and plants as a result of high application rates of manure. Routine soil tests and analysis of manure are recommended to monitor the nutrient levels in the soil, especially on land receiving heavy manure applications. Amount of Feed, Bedding and/or Water Bedding and water that get into manure dilute its nutrient concentration, thus lessening its value as fertilizer applied to the land. Feed spillage, on the other hand, will increase manure nutrient concentration for land application. (Feed spillage and inadequate agitation may cause sludge buildup and create problems for liquid manure removal.) Method of Collection and Storage The type of housing and/or manure handling method greatly affects the nitrogen concentration of swine manure (Table 1). Major N loss occurs when manure is dried by sun and air movement or is leached by rain in the open lot system. In contrast, comparatively little nitrogen is lost from manure in a completely covered feedlot when a manure pack or anaerobic storage systems are used. Loss of nitrogen from manure is greatest in long-term partial treatment systems, such as lagoons. Table 1. Approximate nitrogen losses from swine manure as affected by handling and storing. Handling and storing methods Nitrogen loss* % Solid systems Manure pack 20-40 Open lot 40-60 Liquid systems Anaerobic storage** 15-30 Lagoon*** 70-80 *Based on composition of manure applied to the land vs. composition of freshly excreted manure. **Concentrated manure with little water added. ***Manure plus dilution water added for biological treatment and odor control.
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | UA14-13-mimeoPIH025r |
Title | Extension Pork Industry Handbook, no. 025 (1983) |
Title of Issue | Fertilizer value of swine manure |
Date of Original | 1983 |
Genre | Periodical |
Collection Title | Extension Pork Industry Handbook (Purdue University. Agricultural Extension Service) |
Rights Statement | Copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Coverage | United States – Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 10/27/2016 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 400 ppi on a BookEye 3 scanner using Opus software. Display images generated in Contentdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
URI | UA14-13-mimeoPIH025r.tif |
Description
Title | Page 001 |
Genre | Periodical |
Collection Title | Extension Pork Industry Handbook (Purdue University. Agricultural Extension Service) |
Rights Statement | Copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Coverage | United States – Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Transcript | WASTE MANAGEMENT PIH-25 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • PURDUE UNIVERSITY • WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA Fertilizer Value of Swine Manure Authors Alan L. Sutton, Purdue University Stewart W. Melvin, Iowa State University Dale H. Vanderholm, University of Illinois Reviewers E. T. Kornegay, Virginia Polytechnic Institute J. Ronald Miner, Oregon State University Swine manure contains fertilizer nutrients that can support crop production and enhance the soil’s chemical and physical properties. Thus, manure can be an asset to a swine operation if its nutrient value is maximized. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide the swine producer with pertinent information on which to base decisions concerning the handling and use of swine manure as a fertilizer source. Discussed here are: (1) the nutrient content of manure, (2) how to determine application rates, (3) the need for supplementary fertilizer and (4) related manure handling management suggestions. Factors Affecting Fertilizer Value of Manure Several factors determine the type and amount of nutrients in swine manure and their eventual availability to plants. These factors are: type of ration fed; amount of feed, bedding and/or water added; method of collection and storage; time and method of land application; nitrification and soil characteristics. Type of Ration Fed Increasing levels of additives (copper, arsenic, etc.) and inorganic salts (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, etc.) in swine rations will change concentrations of these elements in manure. Certain additives, such as copper sulfate and arsenic compounds, may also change the decomposition rate of manure solids. There is concern about the potential toxic effects of increased levels of heavy metals and salts in soil and plants as a result of high application rates of manure. Routine soil tests and analysis of manure are recommended to monitor the nutrient levels in the soil, especially on land receiving heavy manure applications. Amount of Feed, Bedding and/or Water Bedding and water that get into manure dilute its nutrient concentration, thus lessening its value as fertilizer applied to the land. Feed spillage, on the other hand, will increase manure nutrient concentration for land application. (Feed spillage and inadequate agitation may cause sludge buildup and create problems for liquid manure removal.) Method of Collection and Storage The type of housing and/or manure handling method greatly affects the nitrogen concentration of swine manure (Table 1). Major N loss occurs when manure is dried by sun and air movement or is leached by rain in the open lot system. In contrast, comparatively little nitrogen is lost from manure in a completely covered feedlot when a manure pack or anaerobic storage systems are used. Loss of nitrogen from manure is greatest in long-term partial treatment systems, such as lagoons. Table 1. Approximate nitrogen losses from swine manure as affected by handling and storing. Handling and storing methods Nitrogen loss* % Solid systems Manure pack 20-40 Open lot 40-60 Liquid systems Anaerobic storage** 15-30 Lagoon*** 70-80 *Based on composition of manure applied to the land vs. composition of freshly excreted manure. **Concentrated manure with little water added. ***Manure plus dilution water added for biological treatment and odor control. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 400 ppi on a BookEye 3 scanner using Opus software. Display images generated in Contentdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
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