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Purdue University-Agricultural Extension Service Mimeo DH-38 February 1953 ANTI-BIOTICS FOR DAIRY CALVES Presented by Blaine Crowl at the 1953 Purdue Winter Agricultural Conference Anti-biotics are not new in the nutrition of farm animals. These substances are present in soil, molds, and bacterial growth. From these sources, anti-biotics have been available in varying amounts to farm animals for years. In recent years, scientists have learned to identify, produce, and use these substances to greater advantage. The first use was in the therapeutic treatment of pathological conditions in man. As the production of anti-biotics increased, livestock men found it practical to use them in the treatment of disease in farm animals. The next step was to include small amounts of various anti-biotics in the feed of swine and poultry. In most cases, this resulted in more rapid gains and usually greater feed efficiency. There are three theories as to how small amounts of anti-biotics may function in promoting greater gains and feed efficiency in some classes of animals, 1. They reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the intestinal flora and allow the beneficial bacteria to grow which synthesize nutrients that are essential. 2. They decrease the number of midly pathogenic bacteria, thus reducing the disease level. 3. They eliminate competing micro-organisms from intestinal tract, thus allowing more of the nutrients fed to be used for the growth of the animal and not for feeding bacteria. Further research is needed to determine which, if any, of these theories are correct. Recently, attention has been given to the use of anti-biotics for dairy calves. In one way it would be reasonable to expect somewhat the same results with dairy calves as with swine because for the first six to eight weeks of its life the calf is essentially monogastric, or single stomached, the same as the pig. Professor Warner at Cornell University has reported from studies there as follows: The addition of aureomycin to the rations of young calves resulted in more rapid gains, in most cases a slightly improved feed efficiency, and reduced the incidence of scours. Voelher and Cason of Arkansas working with other anti-biotics report that the addition of terramycin resulted in more rapid gains and the calves consumed more feed. They found that better results were obtained with 100 mg. per day per 100 pounds of body weight than with 30 mg. per day per 100 pounds of body weight. Knodt and Bloom of Pennsylvania reported depressed growth rate and more respiratory ills in calves receiving one to seven mg. per day of potassium penicillin. At Cornell University, a later experiment than the first one reported by Professor Warner showed different results. This experiment was conducted in a portion of the barn that had never housed calves before and was designed to show the relative value of procaine penicillin, aureomycin, and bacitracin. In this experiment there was no signigicant difference between the calves fed different anti-biotics or between the calves receiving various anti-biotics and the calves receiving no antibiotics. The incidence of scours was low in all groups. This indicates that it is still possible to raise calves satisfactorily without anti-biotics. There was no depression in growth rate on the calves receiving procaine penicillin.
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | UA14-13-mimeoDH038 |
Title | Extension Mimeo DH, no. 038 (Feb. 1953) |
Title of Issue | Antibotics for dairy cows |
Date of Original | 1953 |
Genre | Periodical |
Collection Title | Extension Mimeo DH (Purdue University. Agricultural Extension Service) |
Rights Statement | Copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Coverage | United States – Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 07/28/2015 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 400 ppi on a BookEye 3 scanner using Opus software. Display images generated in Contentdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
URI | UA14-13-mimeoDH038.tif |
Description
Title | Page 001 |
Genre | Periodical |
Collection Title | Extension Mimeo DH (Purdue University. Agricultural Extension Service) |
Rights Statement | Copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Coverage | United States – Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Transcript | Purdue University-Agricultural Extension Service Mimeo DH-38 February 1953 ANTI-BIOTICS FOR DAIRY CALVES Presented by Blaine Crowl at the 1953 Purdue Winter Agricultural Conference Anti-biotics are not new in the nutrition of farm animals. These substances are present in soil, molds, and bacterial growth. From these sources, anti-biotics have been available in varying amounts to farm animals for years. In recent years, scientists have learned to identify, produce, and use these substances to greater advantage. The first use was in the therapeutic treatment of pathological conditions in man. As the production of anti-biotics increased, livestock men found it practical to use them in the treatment of disease in farm animals. The next step was to include small amounts of various anti-biotics in the feed of swine and poultry. In most cases, this resulted in more rapid gains and usually greater feed efficiency. There are three theories as to how small amounts of anti-biotics may function in promoting greater gains and feed efficiency in some classes of animals, 1. They reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the intestinal flora and allow the beneficial bacteria to grow which synthesize nutrients that are essential. 2. They decrease the number of midly pathogenic bacteria, thus reducing the disease level. 3. They eliminate competing micro-organisms from intestinal tract, thus allowing more of the nutrients fed to be used for the growth of the animal and not for feeding bacteria. Further research is needed to determine which, if any, of these theories are correct. Recently, attention has been given to the use of anti-biotics for dairy calves. In one way it would be reasonable to expect somewhat the same results with dairy calves as with swine because for the first six to eight weeks of its life the calf is essentially monogastric, or single stomached, the same as the pig. Professor Warner at Cornell University has reported from studies there as follows: The addition of aureomycin to the rations of young calves resulted in more rapid gains, in most cases a slightly improved feed efficiency, and reduced the incidence of scours. Voelher and Cason of Arkansas working with other anti-biotics report that the addition of terramycin resulted in more rapid gains and the calves consumed more feed. They found that better results were obtained with 100 mg. per day per 100 pounds of body weight than with 30 mg. per day per 100 pounds of body weight. Knodt and Bloom of Pennsylvania reported depressed growth rate and more respiratory ills in calves receiving one to seven mg. per day of potassium penicillin. At Cornell University, a later experiment than the first one reported by Professor Warner showed different results. This experiment was conducted in a portion of the barn that had never housed calves before and was designed to show the relative value of procaine penicillin, aureomycin, and bacitracin. In this experiment there was no signigicant difference between the calves fed different anti-biotics or between the calves receiving various anti-biotics and the calves receiving no antibiotics. The incidence of scours was low in all groups. This indicates that it is still possible to raise calves satisfactorily without anti-biotics. There was no depression in growth rate on the calves receiving procaine penicillin. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 400 ppi on a BookEye 3 scanner using Opus software. Display images generated in Contentdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
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